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Realism
Realism in Painting
Reaction to American Impressionism and academic realism
Dark, convey physical realities
Painting
Ashcan School - early 20th Century - artists portrayed daily life in New York
Robert Henri - influenced later artists
https://www.johnsingersargent.org/
John Sloan
B. 1871 in Philadelphia
John Sloan
Illustrator at Philadelphia Inquirer
1895 - studies art at Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts
George Bellows
B. 1882 Columbus, Ohio
Baseball player - fascinated with sports
George Bellows
Journalism
Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives
Journalism
http://www.citizendane.com/productions/history-film/jacob-a-riis
Muckrakers
Muckrakers
Ida B. Wells - Memphis - Free Speech exposed Jim Crow laws, began anti lynching campaign
McClure's Magazine - Ida Tarbell
Upton Sinclair - The Jungle
Literature
Realism replaced Romanticism mid-19th century
Literature
Victorian era novels remained popular in the United States into the 20th century
Henry James
B. 1843 in New York City
Spent much of his life in Europe, settling in England - inspired by artists, authors there
Henry James
The Portrait of a Lady - psychological realism
Works became more symbolic and abstract as his career advanced
Naturalism
Naturalism
First proposed by French novelist Emile Zola
Harsh realism - based on Darwinism
Naturalist determinism - survival of the fittest
Author seeks to be objective observer
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/4997/
Jack London -b. 1876
Tramp, survivalist - learned to tell a good story on the road
Gold Rush of 1897 in the Klondike
"To Build a Fire"
LOCATION
PROGRAM 1
LOCATION
Naturalism
First proposed by French novelist Emile Zola
Harsh realism - based on Darwinism
Naturalism
Naturalist determinism - survival of the fittest
Author seeks to be objective observer
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/4997/
Jack London
Jack London -b. 1876
Tramp, survivalist - learned to tell a good story on the road
Gold Rush of 1897 in the Klondike
"To Build a Fire"
Theodore Dreiser
Theodore Dreiser
B. Terre Haute, Indiana in 1871
Grew up poor - father a German immigrant, strict Catholic, ninth of 10 surviving children
Ninth of 10 surviving children - siblings led difficult lives
Dropped out of school at 16 and left for Chicago - worked odd jobs, went to college for a year, became a reporter
Sister Carrie
Based on scandal involving his sister Emma
Publisher hesistant because of themes - wanted to back out of the contract - sold fewer than 500 copies
Dreiser became depressed and did not write a novel for almost ten years
Protest Music
Little Red Songbook 1909 - International Workers of the World
Protest Music
https://libcom.org/files/TheLittleRedSongBook_text.pdf
http://www.cartooningcapitalism.com/plutocracy-vs-democracy
Jane Addams
B. 1860 Cedarville, IL to a wealthy family
Studied medicine but had to abandon studies because of health problems
Founded Hull House in Chicago in 1889
Jane Addams
First American woman to receive Nobel prize in 1931
https://www.theguardian.com/personal-investments/ng-interactive/2017/oct/24/jane-addams-activist-foundation-social-work-hull-house
High/Low Culture
High/Low Culture
Van Wyck Brooks - literary critic
1915 - America's Coming of Age
"Young Americans" - group of thinkers who articulated a vision of democratic culture, inspired by Whitman and Twain
High brow: anything European
Low brow: anything created for mass consumption
Vaudeville
Became popular in 1880 and was most popular form of entertainment by end of the century
Variety show of short episodes including animal acts, comedians, singers, plate-spinners, ventriloquists, dancers, musicians, acrobats, etc.
Diverse mix of cultural influences - minstrel shows, English music hall, Yiddish theater
Shows had an all male audience and would last for hours
Replaced by radio and film - vaudeville provided early for theater, television, film, and radio