Important Events from 1713-1800 History Presentation

British take Atlantic Canada

(Treaty of Utrecht)

British take Atlantic Canada

(Great Britain gained control of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick).

The Treaty of Utrecht

Prior to 1713 there were Native Indians living in Canada for thousands of years. French explorers travelled to Atlantic Canada from Europe and occupied many lands. In 1700 the King of Spain died and did not leave hid lands to anyone. The French and English started a war. Queen Anne's War. The war lasted a decade. Finally in July, 1713 the English and French met in Utrecht, Netherlands and signed the Treaty. In the Treaty the French gave the land they occupied in Atlantic Canada: Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. The Treaty also allowed the French and English have the right to enslave First Nations.

Atlantic Canada before to present

1000 - Vikings

1492 - Italian Explorer (English)

1534 - Jacques Cartier discovered Canada on June 9, 1534

1670 - Atlantic Canada

The Treaty of Utrecht is a peace agreement signed in 1713 between the French and the English to end a war that began in Europe in 1700.

The French came to Canada to colinize for those different lands. Canada's First Nations belived that they use land and don't own it. But the French did not. In the Treaty of Utrecht, the French gave the British the land they occupied in Atlantic Canada: Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. North of the St. Lawrence River.

In 1700 the King of Spain died and did not leave his lands to anyone. The French and English started a war. Which was called Queen Anne's War. The war lasted over a decade. The war began in 1700 and ended in 1713.

French and Indian War

The French and Indian War

The French and Indian war A.K.A The Seven Years War was fought from 1756 to 1763. The war was driven by the rivalry between France and Britain when both wanted to expand their empires across North America. In 1754, France and Britain both fought over the Ohio River Valley, which would expand their buisness in the Fur Trade. The French and Indian war caused conflict between the Native Indian tribes across the North American lands. The Natives both helped the British and French with the battles in different parts of Canada. The Iroquois allied with Britain and the Algonquin and Huron allied with France. The British won the war and France had lost lands that the British took. France lost its mainland possessions to North America. Britain now claimed all the land from the east coast of North America to the Mississippi River. The French and Indian war began in 1756 and ended in 1763. Followed by the French and English fighting over the Ohio River Valley to expand fur trade buisness on May 28, 1754. That led to the 7 years war, 2 years later. In the French and Indian War, The French, British and Native Indians were involved. The French and British were fighting each other, and the Native Indians helped both of them. The Iroqois allied with the British, and the Algonquin and Huron allied with the French. The French and Indian War happened because the French and British started fighting over the Ohio River Valley on May 28, 1754 because they wanter to expand their fur trade buisness. Then that led to the 7 years war. In 1758 The British captured Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, in 1759, Quebec City, Quebec, and in 1760, Montreal, Quebec. When they captured those cities, it effected the development of Canada because lots of money was spent durning the war for supplies. That money could have gone to the development of Canada.

The Treaty of Paris

The Treaty Of Paris 1763 was signed on February 10, 1763. This treaty formally ended the Seven Years War. The Seven Years War was fought from 1756 to 1763. The war was driven by the rivalry between France and Britain when both wanted to expand their empires across North America. It was known as The French and Indian War, since the Native Indians were helping the British and the French. In 1754, France and Britain both fought over the Ohio River Valley, which both claimed to further their fur trade business. This battle then led into the Seven Years War. France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, ending effectively any foreign military threat to the British Colonies there. Signed between France, Britain and Spain, the Treaty of Paris marked the end of the 7 years of war between France and Britain. The Native Indians were also involved because they were helping the British and French. On the day of the signing, Great Britain was represented by David Hartley and Richard Oswald. Representing France were Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Henry Laurens, and John Adams. The event occured because the French and British came to an agreement to stop their war. They signed the peace Treaty which was the Treaty of Paris. The Treaty of Paris impacts Canada because after Canada had endured the French and the British occupations, Canada has now 2 languages, French and English, and to this day we are still a country that speaks 2 primary languages. Britain ruled Canada after gaining it from France and still does.

The Treaty of Paris

The Founding of Halifax

The Founding of Halifax

The Town of Halifax was founded by the Kingdom of Great Britain under the direction of the Board of Trade under the command of Governor Edward Cornwallis in the year of 1749. In 1713, when the British takeover happened, the result was a permanent British settlement in Halifax with over 2500 settlers with most of them English. Brought by Edward Cornwallis.

In 1713 the British takeover occured and when govener Edward Cornwallis brought the 2500 settlers, Halifax was founded in the year of 1749.

Edward Cornwallis was the directer of Board of Trade from Great Britain, he brought 2500 settlers to Nova Scotia. Those settlers are the reason Halifax was founded.

People involved:

- Edward Cornwallis director of The Board of Trade. Govenor of Nova Scotia from 1749-1752. He was a Military leader and governor of Gibraltar, British Overseas Territories (southeast of Spain) from 1762-1776. Birth: February 22, 1713 in London, England.

Death: January 23, 1776 in Gibraltar.

- Settlers brought my Edward Cornwallis

The founding of Halifax was important to Canada. It was important to Canada because Halifax is a navy creation. The existance it owes to it's largely location on one of the largest and deepest ice-free harbourers that are natural in the world, which, over time, made Halifax one of the most important Canadian ports on the Atlantic seaboard. But 168 years later (December 6, 1917) a Halifax explosion happened and 1,630 homes were completely destroyed, 12,000 houses were damaged and 6,000 people were left without shelter.

Halifax was founded because the settlers needed Halifax as a counterbalance to Louisbourg, the stronghold of the French in Cape Brenton. Louisberg was captured because The Royal Navy could not sail up the St. Lawrence River to launch attack on Quebec. The Fortress of Louisbourg was under control of the French

Royal Proclamation

Royal Proclamation

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was the governing document of the founding constitution of the territories.It stands for 4 things; British Sovereignty, A government of democracy, rule of law (courts), and ordering the rights for inhabitants (indeginous peoples). Royal Proclamation creates a court where land proclamation and the nations can be enforced. First Nations will retain possesion of the lands, tresspass to go onto those land without permission until those lands are sold by the whole nation. Their already been takings of Indian lands and that was fraudulant and abusive to them. For that Royal Proclamation that would be fixed. The Proclamation ban settler from claiming land from occupants that are First Nations unless it is bought first from the crown that sold it to them. Therefore the crown can buy land from the First Nations said the Royal Proclamation. The Proclamation started on October 7, 1763 and ended with the American Revolutionary War because Great Britain ceded the land in question to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1783).

Quebec Act

1774

The purpose of the Quebec Act was to reverse The Royal Proclamation which was signed between the British and French. The Royal Proclamation had made the French Canadians mad because the British forced the French to change their language and culture to suit theirs. At this time there were many Americans that were upset at how the British divided the lands in the Royal Proclamation. The British anticipated a war against the Americans so they created the Quebec Act in order to gain tactical advantage. In The Quebec Act the British gave back land to the French that they won during the French and Indian War. The French were given back the Ohio Valley and lands around the Great Lakes. At the time more then 90 percent of French Canadians were Catholic and were not allowed to hold governement jobs. The Quebec Act changed that and now religion was not a determinant factor in a governing job. The French Catholics were guaranteed the right to practice their religion. Also the French Catholic Church was given back the right to charge taxes to the people so they can spend it on the church and french speaking schools. The purpose of the Quebec Act was ultimetly the British's way of buying the loyalty of the French in Quebec. They wanted the French Canadians of Quebec to be happy so if they went to war against the Americans, they would not only support them but allow them to build a base in Quebec which was a strong hold in their war against the Americans.

Quebec Act

Founding of USA

The day of the founding of the USA was July 4, 1776. Thomas Jefferson took 17 days to write the Declaration of Independence. On July 2, 1776, voted by Congress, declared independence from Great Britain. 2 days later (July 4) Congress voted to accept the Declaration of Independence. That is why July 4 is marked as Independence Day. Key founders who originally founded the USA were John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. The USA was founded because the US emerged from the Thirteen British Colonies which were Virginia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. There were disputes with the British Crown over things like taxation and political representation, which then led to The American Revolution (1765–1784), which when the nation's independence got established. The effects on Canada and development are that the US and Canada trade and invest, and that supports millions of jobs.

Founding of USA

Abotition of Slavery

Slavery has existed all over the world, from aisa, Africa and the Middle East to North and south America. In 1793, Upper canada, led by Lieutenant Govenor John Graves Simcoe, a Loyalist military officer, became the first province in the Empire to move toward abolition. On March 14 1793, United Empire Loyalist Sergeant Adam Vrooman violently assaulted Chloe Cooley, a Black woman he enslaved, with a rope. She tried to stop the act of slavery. Enslavement had expanded in Upper Canada and was legally and socially accepted. In fact, Britain extended legal protection to slavery in the colonies to encourage settlement.

Act to Limit Slavery in Upper Canada

Established Upper and Lower Canada

In 1791, Britain divided the Province of Quebec into two separate colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada. The Constitutional Act was, in large part, a clear response by the British to the American Revolution. Upper and Lower Canada was officially established in 1791. in response to the wave of United Empire Loyalists moving north from the United States into the French-speaking province of Quebec following the American Revolution. The effect on Canada and development was Upper Canada soon was all of Ontario. Lower Canada became some parts of Quebec and some parts of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Established Upper and Lower Canada

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Sources

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• The Canadian Encyclopedia
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Sources

Jay Treaty

Signed in 1794, The Jay Treaty was signed between Great Britain and the United States. American Indians may travel freely across the international boundary was ehat it provided. The treaty was an attempt to resolve the differences between the United States and Britain over British attempts to restrict trade to France. The Treaty of Jay happened because the agreement deliberated to settle unresolved issues that threatened war. The effects it has on Canada and development are that the Native Indians are allowed to safely cross borders without harm.

Jay Treaty