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Transcript

Ian Escuro

2/27/19

Period 6

The New Republic

1789-1797

Washington's Presidency

1789-1797

The Nation's First Economic Crisis

  • Federal Government owed $52 million in the form of bonds
  • Was unable to pay back the debt
  • Controversial whether the government should pay back state debts

Hamilton's Plan

1. Hamilton planned to fully honor the debts and in order to make people willing to invest in the future

2. Next, he wanted a national bank to store the government funds and issue paper money as currency

3. Finally, he planned to impose high taxes on imported goods in an attempt to earn enough money to pay the debt

  • Hamilton's plan to solve the economic crisis was to agree to pay all federal and state debts, then create a national bank, then finally imposing high taxes on imported goods

The Opposition of Hamilton's Plan

  • The main opposition to Hamilton's plan was the southerners.
  • Believed that they paid off their wartime debts and that other states should follow suit
  • Thomas Jefferson argued that the establishment of the bank was unconstitutional because that in the constitution, there was no power vested in Congress that allowed them to set up a bank

The Whiskey Rebellion

  • Caused by Congress imposing a high tax on whiskey
  • Farmers rebelled against the act by violently marching through Pittsburgh
  • Washington responded by sending 13,000 troops to scatter them
  • Washington's response showed that armed rebellion wasn't acceptable in the republic

1797-1801

Adams' Presidency

1797-1801

Avoiding War with France

  • Between 1798 and 1800, Adams fought an undeclared maritime war with France
  • Caused by the XYZ Affair, an incident where Adams sent 3 men to France to turn down their demand of a $250,000 bribe
  • An agreement was reached that said the French could not seize American Ships, thus war with France was avoided

Alien & Sedition Acts

  • The Alien Act stated that the time it would take for an outsider to become a citizen would be increased from 5 years to 14 years
  • The Sedition Act criminalized the act of insulting or speaking anything false about the government, president, or congress

The Controversy of the Alien & Sedition Acts

  • The Alien and Sedition Acts were controversial
  • The Sedition Act violated the first amendment right that guarantees free speech
  • The Alien Act and The Sedition Act were deemed unconstitutional
  • The Alien Act expired in 1800 and the Sedition Act expired in 1801

1801-1809

Jefferson's Presidency

1801-1809

Judicial Review

  • The case that established judicial review was a case in which Jefferson and Madison ceased the appointment judges that Adams appointed in his last hours of being president because they suspected that this was to maintain federalist power despite the end of Adams' term
  • One judge, William Marbury sued Madison and cited the Judiciary Act of 1789
  • The Judiciary Act was found unconstitutional in Justice John Marshall's ruling
  • The case established Judicial Review: the Supreme Court's authority to strike down unconstitutional laws

The Louisiana Purchase

  • Jefferson offered to buy New Orleans from the French
  • Napoleon needed money to support the war effort against Britain so instead offered the entire Louisiana Territory
  • Because Jefferson was not present during the offer, his two representatives James Monroe and Robert Livingstone agreed to the offer as reaching Jefferson would have taken months
  • The purchase cost $15 million

Tecumseh

  • Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (The Prophet) wanted to restore and take back the Indian Lands that the Americans had expanded into after 1805
  • William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana Territory, lead a thousand soldiers to the Shawnee villages
  • Harrison defeated them in the battle of Tippecanoe
  • Despite this, Tecumseh continued for several more years

1809-1817

Madison's Presidency

1809-1817

The War of 1812

  • Caused by the British impressing American sailors, arming native americans, and for the honor of the country
  • Culminated with the British attacking Washington D.C. in August 1814 leading to the shock of many Americans
  • The war officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent on Christmas Eve 1814

The Outcome of the War

  • War of 1812 did not have a clear victor
  • The Americans had reached an impasse with the British
  • The Treaty of Ghent marked the end of the War

Treaty of Ghent

The Significance of the War

  • The War of 1812 separated America from Britain once and for all
  • Let the Americans gain a new confidence by the war's end
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