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Unit 8: Cold War Digital Map Mini-Project

By: Shawn King

Marshall Plan

George Marshall

Marshall Plan

Most of Europe was in ruins in all aspects after years of conflict during World War II and the United States was the only major power in the world that was not significantly damaged. The Marshall plan was made by George Marshall and was made to aid the economies and spirits of Western Europe. The Marshall plan was successful in assisting Europe in economic recovery and funding ended in 1951.

Postwar Occupation & Division of Germany

The Allies issued a unilateral announcement on June 5, 1945, that declared their supreme authority over German territory. The Allies would govern Germany through four occupation zones.

Formation of the Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc was created by The Soviet Union who enforced communist rule and created an alliance of Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Poland, portions of Czechoslovakia, and Eastern

Germany. Stalin decided to create the alliance to guarantee that the countries on its eastern borders became communist and serve as western buffers. The Eastern Bloc ended in 1989.

Berlin Blockade/Berlin Airlift

Berlin Blockade/Berlin Airlift c

Germany was invaded by the UK, US, the USSR from the East and their allies from the west. They started to get worried that about a unified Germany which would again threaten peace. The allies decided to a unify West Germany fully i into pan-European economic and defense organizations. Stalin refused to accept the developments during the Six Power Conference, On the night of June 23-24 all rail and road links were cut off, as

was the electricity supply in Berlin. The allied powers sent multiple air corridors over the Soviet zone in Germany to supply their sectors of Berlin from the air. After defeat, Stalin said he’d lift the blockade if a Council of Foreign Ministers, which had met before to discuss the post-war world, was held. The Allies agreed and the Blockade was lifted on May 12, 1949.

Chinese Revolution

The Communist Revolution began with the 1946 resumption of open war among the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Nationalists. The Communists underwent defeats in 1946- 1947 but by 1948 they had turned the tables on the KMT, defeating them in battle and capturing large amounts of weakened troops and their equipment. Beijing fell in

1949 with hardly a shot fired in its defense. The Communists captured Hainan Island in 1950 ending the Chinese Communist Revolution. After the Communist Revolution,

the West blocked any change in the UN Security Council that would allow the Communist to replace the Nationalist Republic of

China as the veto-wielding permanent member.

Chinese Revolution

Cuban Revolution

The Cuban revolution was led by Fidel Castro against the government of Fulgencio Batista. The revolt took place between 1953 and 1959.

The United States had provided $10 million in military assistance to the Cuban government although they declared neutrality. Castro declared himself a Marxist-Leninist in December 1961, creating negative responses from Cubans.

Korean War

Korea was divided with the United States occupying the southern territory and the Soviet Union the land to the north. Later that year it was decided that the country would be reunited, but the Communists under Kim Il-sung took power in the north while the south became democratic. on June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded the south starting the war. At the end of the war South Korea was left with one of the world's strongest economies while North Korea remains an isolated pariah state.

Vietnam War

On July 2, 1976, Vietnam was reunited as a communist country, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. In 1954, the French decided to pull out of Vietnam and the U.S. continued to send additional advisers to South

Vietnam. President Nixon made a plan called Vietnamization,

to remove U.S. troops from Vietnam while handing back the

fighting to the South Vietnamese. After the U.S. had withdrawn all its troops, the fighting continued in Vietnam. South Vietnam officially surrendered on April 30, 1975. On July 2, 1976, Vietnam was reunited as a communist country.

Vietnam War

Cuban Missile Crisis

At the beginning of September 1962, U-2 spy planes discovered that the Soviet Union was building a surface-to-air missile launch site, On 27th September, a CIA agent overheard Castro's pilot tell another man Cuba now had nuclear weapons, and on 15th October that photographs were taken that shown that the Soviet Union was placing long-range missiles in Cuba. Khrushchev sent Kennedy a letter where he proposed that the Soviet Union would be willing to remove the missiles in Cuba in exchange for a promise by the United States that they would not invade Cuba. While the president and his advisers were analyzing the letters news came through that a U-2 plane had been shot down over Cuba. Kennedy sent a letter to Khrushchev accepting the terms of his letter. Khrushchev agreed and gave orders for the missiles to be dismantled.

Rise & Fall of the Berlin Wall

Germany was divided into four parts and on Aug. 12, 1961, thousands of East German workers, guarded by troops, began to construct concrete-block and wood barriers and barbed wire fences the surrounding Communist state of East Germany.

By dawn on August 13 Berlin had been physically divided into a western and an eastern, The Wall survived for 28 years, 2 months, and 26 days. In 1989, thousands of East Germans clambered into their little Trabant cars and headed for the neighboring lands. Hoping to calm the situation Germany decided

to announce some relaxation of the travel restrictions. East Berliners attacked the border posts with

West Berlin. Soon, crowds of

eager East Berliners pressed past the unresisting officials into the freedom of West Berlin, Berlin was reunited.

Rise & Fall of the Berlin Wall

Bay of Pigs Invasion

The Bay of Pigs invasion began when a group of CIA-funded and trained Cuban refugees landed in Cuba and attempted to overthrow Fidel Castro's communist government. The attack completely failed. Fidel Castro has been a concern of American policymakers since he took power in Cuba with the revolution of January 1959.

Soviet War in Afghanistan

The Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1989) was a conflict in which rebel groups known collectively as the Mujaheddin, along with smaller Marxist-Leninist-Maoist groups, waged a war. a 9-year guerrilla campaign against the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) and the Soviet Union. Army throughout the 1980s, mainly in Afghanistan.

Tienanmen Square Massacre

The Tienanmen Square Incident was a series of demonstrations and protests in China in the spring of 1989, culminating in the night of 3–4 June with the government crackdown on protesters. in Beijing's Tienanmen Square. Although protests and subsequent crackdowns took place in cities across the country, events in Beijing - particularly in Tienanmen Square, have historically been associated with Other demonstrations such as the May 4 (1919) Movement - became emblematic of the whole incident.

Tienanmen Square Massacre

Fall of the Soviet Union

The coup failed against Gorbachev in august 1991 which determined the fate of the Soviet Union. Planned by hardline communists, the coup reduced Gorbachev power and pushed Yeltsin and democratic forces to the forefront of Soviet and Russian politics.

Fall of the Soviet Union

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