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COPD the Respiratory System

Causes of COPD

One of the main leading causes of COPD is smoking cigarettes. Even though most people who have COPD get it from smoking 25% of people who have it have never smoked. Long term exposure to other lung irritants could contribute to COPD.

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Symptoms of COPD

Its normal that COPD symptoms don't appear until significant lung damage occurs and the lungs worsen.

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Symptoms of COPD includes;

shortness of breath,

wheezing,

tightness in the chest,

blueness of the lips or fingernail beds, frequent respiratory infections,

lack of energy,

swelling in ankles, feet or legs

Structures affected by COPD

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COPD mainly affect your lungs by damaging your Alveoli. Causing them to merge into one giant air sack. Then oxygen can not be absorbed well, so your blood receives less oxygen. Once your aveoli are damaged it makes your lungs loose their springiness, which makes it hard to breath out causing you to feel short of breath.

These are healthy Alveoli vs Aveoli that is affected by COPD

Diagnosis

It is not uncommon that COPD is sometimes misdiagnosed. Doctors can order that includes;

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Lung (pulmonary) function test

Chest X-ray

CT scan

Arterial blood gas analysis

Laboratory test

Prognosis

For people with COPD 40%-70% have a 5 year life expectancy, that depends on the severity of the disease. If you have a severe case of COPD the 2 year survival rate is just 50%.

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References

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/symptoms-causes/syc-20353679

https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/10-faqs-about-living-with-copd#1

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353685

https://www.emedicinehealth.com/ask_life_expectancy_for_copd/article_em.htm

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