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Monsoon And Its Types
TYPES OF MONSOONS
ADVANCING MONSOON
By early June, the low-pressure condition over the northern plains intensifies which attracts the trade winds of the southern hemisphere. These south-east trade winds originate over the warm subtropical areas of the southern oceans and blow in a south-westerly direction entering the Indian peninsula as the south-west monsoon which brings abundant moisture to the subcontinent. These winds are strong and blow at an average velocity of 30 km per hour.
By early June, the low-pressure condition ov...
The inflow of the south-west monsoon into India brin...
The inflow of the south-west monsoon into India brings about a total change in the weather. Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats, the Deccan Plateau and parts of Madhya Pradesh receives very heavy rainfall of more than 250cm which is north-eastern part of the country. Mawsynram in the southern ranges of the Khasi Hills receives the highest average rainfall in the world. Rainfall in the Ganga valley decreases from the east to the west. Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat get scanty rainfall.
Another phenomenon associated with the monsoon ...
Another phenomenon associated with the monsoon is its tendency to have ‘breaks’ in rainfall which means the monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. These breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough whose its axis keep on moving northward or southward, which determines the spatial distribution of rainfall. When the axis of the monsoon trough lies over the plains, rainfall is good in these parts. On the other hand, whenever the axis shifts closer to the Himalayas, there are longer dry spells in the plains, and widespread rain occur in the mountainous catchment areas of the Himalayan rivers.
These heavy rains bring in their wake, devastating floods causing damage to life and property in the plains. The frequency and intensity of tropical depressions too, determine the amount and duration of monsoon rains. These depressions form at the head of the Bay of Bengal and cross over to the mainland. The depressions follow the axis of the “monsoon through of low pressure”. The monsoon is known for its uncertainties. The alternation of dry and wet spells vary in intensity, frequency and duration. While it causes heavy floods in one part, it may be responsible for droughts in the other. It is often irregular in its arrival and its retreat. Hence, it sometimes disturbs the farming schedule of millions of farmers all over the country.
RETREATING OR POST MONSOON
During October-November, with the apparent movement of the sun towards the south, the monsoon trough or the low pressure trough over the northern plains becomes weaker. By the beginning of October, the monsoon withdraws from the Northern Plains. The months of October-November form a period of transition from hot rainy season to dry winter conditions.
During October-November, with the apparent movement of t...
The retreat of the monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature. Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive during the day. This is commonly known as ‘Octoberheat’. Inthe second half of October, the mercury begins to fall rapidly in northern India.
The retreat of the monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise ...
The low-pressure conditions, over north-weste...
The low-pressure conditions, over north-western India, get transferred to the Bay of Bengal by early November. This shift is associated with the occurrence of cyclonic depressions, which originate over the Andaman Sea. These cyclones generally cross the eastern coasts of India. The thickly populated deltas of the Godavari, the Krishna and theKaveri are frequently struck by cyclones. Sometimes, these cyclones arrive at the coasts of Orissa, West Bengal and Bangladesh. The bulk of the rainfall of the Coromandel Coast is derived from depressions and cyclones.
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