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Australian Colonization & Independence

Zeno Minotti

and

Michael Zaccagnini

1770

Captain Cook first lands on Australia in Botany Bay in 1770 and claims possession of the East coast for Britain, founding Sydney

1770

About 150 years earlier, the Dutch first arrived in Australia encountering the Aboriginals (The previous natives to the land). The land was named New Holland. They didn't stay long because they landed in a dry place with little natural resources

At the time there were 500 First Nations groups and approximately 750,000 Aboriginals there

1788

  • 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip returns with 1,500 convicts, crew, marines, and civilians
  • Given that crime rates had exploded in England, they needed places to put convicts. The US was off limits because of their recent loss of the land so Australia was a perfect place.
  • People as young as 7 years old would get sentenced to 7 years of forced labor or even death for petty crimes such as clothing robbery.

1788

First Nations

By 1798, First Nations population was reduced by 90% due to:

new diseases (small pox, measles, influenza)

losing land to colonizers

conflicts with colonizers

By 1798, First Nations population was reduced by 90% due to:

  • new diseases (small pox, measles, influenza)
  • losing land to colonisers
  • conflicts with colonisers

1803

Starting in the early 1800s, Australia was mapped and colonized all over. Regions and cities started popping up all around the coast.

1803

Invention of the Grain stripper

Due to a major loss of labor forces caused by disease and conflict with Aboriginals, a man named John Ridley came up with an idea for more efficient farming, this was around the time zone in which industrialization was starting to globalize majorly.

1843: Grain stripper is invented: Due to a major loss of labor forces caused by disease and conflict with Aboriginals John Ridley came up with an idea for more efficient farming, this was around the time zone in which industrialization was starting to globalize majorly.

Ridley's stripper

  • This is the year in which Aurthur Phillip was elected as governer of Australia, marking the beginning of its separation from the United Kingdom.
  • A few years later, the British government passed a law making the individual colonies responsible for their legislatures.

1851

1901

  • The six self-governing colonies (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Western Australia, and South Australia) met to form the Commonwealth of Australia, and formed their own constitution
  • The name Australia originated from the Latin Terra Australis meaning southern land

1901

Post 1901

Post 1901:

Despite sovereignty over domestic affairs, the British still controlled relations with the rest of the world

Over the next four decades Australia would gradually gain control over external policy

  • Despite sovereignty over domestic affairs, the British still controlled relations with the rest of the world
  • Over the next four decades Australia would gradually gain control over external policy

Video

1) Think about PIECES

2) How does Australia compare to other colonial countries we have learned about?

Primary Sources

Sources

"Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900," legislation.gov.uk, accessed May 20, 2022,

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/63-64/12/enacted

Duterrau, Benjamin, The Conciliation, painting, 1840, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery,

https://brewminate.com/colonial-australian-art-helping-us-to-see-when-we-dont-want-to-look/

Lycett, Thomas, A Distant View of Sydney, painting, 1824, State Library of Victoria, https://brewminate.com/colonial-australian-art-helping-us-to-see-when-we-dont-want-to-look/

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