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Industrial Revolution

Einstein published the theory of relativity

1905

The theory of relativity was the idea that space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer. Einstein also proved that the speed of light was the same in vacuum no matter what speed the observer travels in. This theory of evolution was very impactful as it laid a foundation for a lot of the research in the evolution of the universe and in modern technology.

Marie Curie Discovers radium

1902

In Paris, Marie Curie isolates radioactive salts from mineral pitchblende, hence, discovering the element radium. Radium is an element that gives off energy from radiation. From this discovery, the discovery that atoms are more than just solid material bodies but instead are small active worlds were discovered.

'The Interpretation of Dreams' was published

The 'The Interpretation of Dreams' was published by Freud and it was an analysis of dreams in terms of unconscious desires and experiences. Fred was the founder of psychoanalysis and also had many other works and ideas as he also discovered the methods in which therapists could probe deeply with the patient’s memory.

1900

Spanish-American War

America declares war on Spain and the Spanish-American war begins. The war began following the aftermath of the internal explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor. During this war, the US scores Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Phillippines as US territory.

1898

Thomas Edison invents the light bulb

Edison built the first lightbulb by passing electricity through a thin platinum filament which was located in a glass vacuum bulb in order to ensure the filament wouldn’t melt. This invention was very impactful as it stimulated the lighting industry as his invention spread through numerous cities and towns.

1879

Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone

1876

Alexander Graham was a 29-year-old who patented the telephone in 1876. As he was interested in transmitting speech through wires which lead to this patent. Unlike the telegraph which was invented in 1843, Graham wanted direct communication that could connect audio. Since the telegraph required hand-delivery of messages between stations, it wasn’t very ideal. Therefore making the “harmonic telegraph”, Graham wanted an invention that could allow people to directly communicate with speech.

Elias Howe invents the sewing machine

Elias Howe plants the first lockstitch sewing machine in 1846. This invention helped in the mass production of clothes and sewing machines. As a result, Howe had a huge impact on the sewing industry.

1846

15th Amendment Passed

The 15th amendment gave African American men the right to vote and it was very revolutionary as, in the past, African Americans had very limited rights and were very treated differently. Although the society in the 1870s wasn’t the most ideal for African American men, the 15th amendment that was passed led the door to many more improvements in the lives and the rights of these African Americans mean.

1870

14th Amendment passed

The 14th amendment granted citizenship to all people "born or naturalized in the United States”. This includes people who were formerly enslaved. It also granted every citizen protection under laws. This amendment was very revolutionary, especially for the slaves who had limited rights, because it made sure that they had equal protection as everyone else.

1868

American civil war

During the american civil war, the southern states, or confederacy, leave to form a new country and keep slavery. On the other hand, the Northern states, or the union, fought to keep the country unified. Additionally, during this time. President Lincoln issues an emancipation proclamation in order to free the slaves.

1861-1865

13th Amendment passed

The 13th amendment was revolutionary as it forever abolished slavery in all US states and territories. Additionally, this amendment also outlawed ​​involuntary servitude and peonage which is when the employer makes a worker pay off a debt with work.

1865

Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species

1859

The Origin of Species, published by Charles Darwin, proposes the continual evolution of species. One of his ideas was about natural selection which is the process in which populations of living organisms adapt and change. As a result, only the fittest survive as organisms are naturally selected for survival reproduction survive and the unfit do not survive. He also thought that different species of animals all evolve for one or few common ancestors.

Samuel Morse invents the telegraph

The telegraph was a revolutionary invention as it allowed long-distance communication. The telegraph worked at electrical signals were transmitted over a wire that was laid between stations. Additionally, the telegraph was very important as its ability to transmit information quickly over long distances helped in the growth of railroads.

1843

John Deere invents steel plow

John Deere was a pioneer, inventor, and entrepreneur who had a great impact on the agriculture of america as he invented the steel plow. The steel plow was very important as it helped farmers cultivate more crops in an efficient manner. Unlike the cast iron plow, the steel plow, more specifically the steel blade, had a smooth texture which didn’t allow the soil to stick on the plow. This ensures a more efficient farming system.

1837

Developments by Eli Whitney

Eli Whitney was known to invent the cotton gin and to use the mass production method. In 1798, he discovered how to make muskets by machines as he interchanged parts of the machine. From the manufacture of Muskets, Eli was able to become rich at this time.

1798

Thomas Newcomen Steam Engine

Newcome was a British engineer and inventor and he invented the steam engine in 1712. Because it costs a lot for horses to pump water out, the steam engine was a very revolutionary invention. Utilizing atmospheric pressure, the steam engine was used to drain mines and water to power waterwheels. Although useful, this machine was very arduous to make as Newcomen experimented with a steam pump for over 10 years.

1712

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