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Successful measures taken in Africa to fight the pandemic

Zhang Yiheng, Ma Deqian

group 207, team 5

Laws

  • South Africa
  • The Disaster Management Tax Relief Administration Bill and The Disaster Management Tax Relief Bill were passed on September 17, 2020. South African Government (2020,September 17)

  • Tax relief measures introduced include a delay of remittances of the “Pay As Your Earn” (PAYE), without triggering penalties or interest, a delay in the remittances of provisional payments of income tax, without triggering penalties or interest and an acceleration of certain employment tax incentives. KPMG(2020,October 14)

Laws

Tunisia

  • The parliament granted the prime minister greater powers to deal with the crisis by activating article 70 of the constitution on April 4.

  • The major decision-makers during the crisis were President Kais Saied and then Prime Minister Elyes Fakhfakh. In addition, the decision makers were backed up by senior medically trained officials

Tunisia

Abouzzohour, Y. (2020, July 30)

  • South Africa:To some extent, the employment of employees has been reduced, and small and medium-sized enterprises have been assisted. But there is still a lot of pressure on employers.

Results

  • Tunisia:The transparency and straightforwardness of decision-making in Tunisia led to a well-organized and effective government response.
  • Moreover, the government’s communication strategy during the crisis- spearheaded by the director of the National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases- was transparent and extensive. Abouzzohour, Y. (2020, July 30)

Vaccine

  • First: Morocco
  • As of April 6, 2021, Morocco had administered over 8.3 million coronavirus vaccination doses, the highest number in Africa

  • Second: Nigeria
  • Nigeria is so far the second most vaccinated country in Africa, with more than 964 thousand doses distributed.

Vaccine

Faria, J. (2021, April 8)

Over three months into the crisis, Morocco has today one of the lowest fatality rates in the world (less than 2.6%) and 90% of the cases have already recovered.( The World Bank,June 16,2020)

Morocco

https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/photos/780x439/2020/jun-2/MENA-Morocco-health-covid19.jpg

Reasons for the most vaccinations in Morocco

  • Morocco has suffered economically from the first containment and cannot withstand a second one.
  • Sign a vaccination agreement to obtain a sufficient quantity of vaccines and reduce the risk of delays in delivery.
  • Until February 28, Morocco has received 7,500,000 doses, which is significantly higher than those received by other African countries such as South Africa

Reason

Bourhanbour, A. D., & Ouchetto, O. (2021, March 20)

Economic measures

Morocco

  • Establish a special fund (3% of GDP)
  • Deferred payment of SME tax
  • Monthly allowance of 2000 dirhams for old people with pension fund registration
  • Families working in the informal sector receive a monthly allowance of 800-1200 dirhams ($80-120)
  • On August 6, 2000, the second plan to maintain the economic recovery and employment levels was issued, mobilizing 120 billion dirhams.

Economic measures

IMF(2021, April 12)

Egypt

IMF(2021, April 12)

  • The central bank reduced the policy rate by 400bps in response to the pandemic
  • For low-income households in specific industries, the preferential interest rate is reduced from 10% to 8%
  • Industry Protection
  • Soft loans for tourism secured by 3 billion Egyptian pounds in low-interest loans from the Central Bank
  • The central bank approved a guarantee of 100 billion Egyptian pounds to finance loans to manufacturing, agriculture and contracts at preferential interest rates.

Egypt

IMF(2021, April 12)

Results

  • Morocco's economic measures had focused more on fiscal subsidies and more on direct payment of specific allowances, which had a significant short-term stabilizing effect on society.
  • Most of Egypt's economic measures focus on monetary and macro-financial control, which are implemented through the maintenance of the corresponding industries, and are conducive to the country's long-term sustainable economic development.

Results

Faria, J. (2021, April 8)

Lockdown

South Africa

• Starting at the strictest lock level

• from late March, national curfew, including a ban on all campaigns outside the home, from late March 2020.

•Close public places and schools

•Graded segregation of other countries

•Repeated blockade policies

Lockdown

IMF(2021, April 12)

Kenya

• Impose a traffic embargo in the five largest cities, including road traffic

• Prohibition of any form of gathering, including religious worship

• Prohibit sales of alcoholic beverages and related establishments

• Post-mortem cremation mandatory within 72 hours

• Impose a complete curfew, during which no form of activity is allowed

Kenya

WHO(2021, April 10)

Results

  • South Africa, with its mature administrative system, has a macro-approach to lockdown. It has played a good synergistic role in the coordination of all regions of the country, making the late stage of infection growth more stable and no outbreak.
  • Kenya, unable to carry out macro-control like South Africa because of its administrative inefficiency, has implemented more detailed epidemic prevention requirements and direct legislation, focusing on the implementation of details, and has achieved obvious results within the scope of its capabilities.

Abouzzohour, Y. (2020, July 30)

References

1. Parliament passes Coronavirus COVID-19 Tax Bills and approves suspension of magistrate. (2020, September 17). In South African Government. Retrieved from

https://www.gov.za/speeches/parliament-passes-coronavirus-covid-19-tax-bills-and-approves-suspension-magistrate-17-sep

2. Abouzzohour, Y. (2020, July 30). Tunisia may have beaten COVID-19, but challenges persist. In Brookings. Retrieved from

https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/tunisia-may-have-beaten-covid-19-but-challenges-persist/

3. South Africa Government and institution measures in response to COVID-19. (2020, October 14). In KPMG. Retrieved from

https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/south-africa-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html

4. Faria, J. (2021, April 8). COVID-19 vaccination doses administered in Africa as of April 2021 Published by Julia Faria, Apr 8, 2021 As of April 6, 2021, Morocco had administered over 8.3 million coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccinat. In Statista. Retrieved from

https://www.statista.com/statistics/1220391/covid-19-vaccination-doses-in-africa-by-country/

5. Morocco: Stepping Up to the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak. (2020, June 16). In The World Bank. Retrieved from

https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/06/16/morocco-stepping-up-to-the-covid-19-pandemic-outbreak

6. Bourhanbour, A. D., & Ouchetto, O. (2021, March 20). Morocco achieves the highest COVID-19 vaccine rates in Africa in the first phase: what are reasons for its success?. In Oxford Academic. Retrieved from

https://academic.oup.com/jtm/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jtm/taab040/6179204?login=true

7.Policy Responses To Covid-19. (2021, April 12). In International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from

https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19#T

8. Coronavirus and Africa - Morocco, a Model in Crisis Management. (2020,may 25). In Institut Montaigne from

https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/blog/coronavirus-and-africa-morocco-model-crisis-management

9. COVID-19 Financial Assistance and Debt Service Relief.(2021,APRIL 12).In Ininternational Monetary Fund. Retrieved from

https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/COVID-Lending-Tracker

10.Fiscal Monitor Database of Country Fiscal Measures in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.(2021 april).In International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from

https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Fiscal-Policies-Database-in-Response-to-COVID-19

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