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BACTERIAL CHITINASE
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BACTERIAL CHITINASE
Chitinases are
hydrolytic enzymes
INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE
They are classed into glycosyl hydrolase(GH) families, e.g., GH18, GH19, and GH20, which depends on amino acid sequence similarity. So, bacterial chitinases are mainly from family GH18.
SOURCES
The insect chitinase function the essential role in removing the old, external skeleton.
Fungal chitinase plays the main role in numerous functions such as nutritional, pathogenesis, and morphogenesis.
Chitinases in plant is as defense mechanism, embryogenesis, growth of seedling and seed and the enhanced
protection against pathogenic fungal
Bacterial chitinase is
important to fulfill its
nutritional requirement,
parasitism and chitin
degradation.
Chitinases have been used to produce
bioactive chitooligosaccharides.
Chitinases catalyze the cleavage of
the β-1,4-O-glycosidic linkages in chitin.
process is often associated with the cutting of insoluble long-chain chitin into small molecular acetylchitobiose by exo- or endo-type chitinase activity and
subsequent resolving acetylchitobiose
into Nacetylglucosamine via cleaving
β-1,4-glycosidic bonds by
N-acetylglucosaminidase activity.
FUNCTION
Process of chitin degradation
The importance of chitinase that
it plays an important role in various fields, including applications of medical, environmental, agricultural and industrial.
IMPORTANCE
EXAMPLE
The enhanced
protection against
pathogenic fungi
in plants.
Environmentally, enzymatic degradation
is the preferable safe method of
bio treatment
of inert bio polymer.
The bio refinery industry helps reducing the environmental effects of industries that based chemical substances.
It inhibits of TH2-induced inflammation
in asthma and tumor growth.
It works as antibacterial agents, immune enhancers and elicitors
of lysozyme inducers.
Chitinase appears in few forms,
so it can be classified into three
main categories.
TYPES
TYPES
It hydrolyze chitin at random sites along
the polymer and generate soluble,
low molecular mass GlcNAc oligomer.
Endochitinas
Nacetylglucosaminas
It releases (GlcNAc)2
from the nonreducing
end of chitin chains
Exochitinas
It split β-(1,4)-
glycosidic bond
of (GlcNAc)2 to
generate GlcNAc
There are an essential steps of procedures to isolate chitinolytic enzymes from bacteria.