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Nurs-0135 Circulatory System
1
NURS-0135 Pathophysiology for Nurses
Circulatory System
aka Cardiovascular System
K.Eblen, MSN, RN, CRRN, ACUE
S2021
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
A. Describe the basic pathophysiology and etiology of common disease processes that
occur in diverse individuals across the lifespan. (EPSLO #4)
B. Explain the impact of cultural variables, including gender, race, and ethnicity, on the
occurrence and clinical manifestations of commonly occurring disease processes.
(EPSLO #1, 4, & 6)
C. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology to identify typical clinical
manifestations of commonly occurring disease processes. (EPSLO #4)
D. Apply knowledge of growth and development concepts to identify differences in
disease processes that occur throughout the lifespan. (EPSLO #1, 4)
Orthostatic hypotension
Labs: Normal Cholesterol:
LDL <100 mg/dL
HDL >40 mg/dL
TL <200 mg/dL
Hemoglobin (#)
Male 14-18 g/dL
Female 12-15 g/dL
Hematocrit (%)
Male 42%-52%
Female 37%-47%
Platelets
150,000/mm3 -
400,000/mm3
HYPERTENSION
(HTN)
iron-deficiency anemia
sickle cell anemia
Clotting
PT
PTT
aPTT
INR
Labs related to clotting:
Normal platelets: 150,000-400,000/mm3
D-dimer - measures fibrin degradation products (breakdown of clots);
elevated indicates recent clotting activity
aPTT - measures time to clot (intrinsic pathway)
PT/INR - measures time to clot (extrinsic pathway)
Purpura
Petechiae
von Willebrand disease
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
coronary artery disease (CAD)
myocardial infarction (MI)
STEMI
v
NSTEMI
CAåRDIAC LABS
Angina
dysrhythmias
arrhythmias
heart
failure
Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)
Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
ischemic stroke
ischemic
hemorrhagic
stroke
cardiogenic
hypovolemic
septic
shock
septic
Anaphylactic shock
neurogenic
Stages of shock
REFERENCES
Capriotti, T. (2020). Davis advantage for pathophysiology: Introductory concepts and clinical perspectives (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
CDC Office on Smoking and health. (2014). Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/50th-anniversary/pdfs/fs_smoking_CVD_508.pdf
Cleveland Clinic. (2021). Leg & Foot ULCERS: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatments & prevention. Retrieved March 15, 2021, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17169-leg-and-foot-ulcers
https://www.hematology.org/newsroom/press-releases/2016/rare-patients-with-sickle-cell-disease-live-nearly-twice-as-long-as-average#:~:text=With%20a%20national%20median%20life,%2C%20stroke%2C%20and%20organ%20damage