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Prepared by:
Maria Janela Ables
Joanna Vibar
Sharmae Novencido
COPERNICUS VS. PTOLEMY
Copernican Revolution
Nicolaus Copernicus
Copernicus universe
vs
Ptolemy Universe
COPERNICUS VS. PTOLEMY
-He was a Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer.
-His uncle sent him on his way to the University of Krakow in Poland and other fine universities in Italy. There, he studied law and medicine while remaining passionate about astronomy.
-He proposed the Heliocentric Universe.
=Claudius Ptolemaeus, (born c. 100 CE—died c. 170 CE)
=An Egyptian astronomer, mathematician, and geographer of Greek descent who flourished in Alexandria during the 2nd century CE.
= In several fields his writings represent the culminating achievement of Greco-Roman science, particularly his geocentric (Earth-centred) model of the universe now known as the Ptolemaic system.
vs
Geocentric Universe
Heliocentric Universe
An idea says that sun is at the centre of the universe and we move around it along with all the other planets.
*Birthplace: England
*Birth date : February 12 1809
*He was the great English Naturalist
*His works mainly focused in understanding the life on the Earth.
He wrote 20 books of different volumes on nature including Origin of Species , Voyage of Beagle.
*He deservedly given credits from theory of biological evolution.
*Completed Copernican revolution
# After he returned from trip, he closely studied all the specimens and evidences he collected from the island.
# He was highly motivated by Hutton and Lyell theory on earth in geology.
Finally after lots of research and findings , Darwin came to the conclusion on origin and evolution of species
Common descent
Gradualism
Multiplication
Natural Selection
= All the organism have one common ancestor in the past .
= With the change of climate and habitat, they descended from that unknown ancestor.
=Over the period of time, they changes within them got collected resulting in their survival for the changing environment also termed as adaptations.
= The origin and the evolution of another new species depends on the accumulation of changes.
=After a period of time when different changes get piled up that result in adaptation.
=evolution is a slow and gradual process
= Over a time period, changes takes places. These changes results in another new species with similar appearance or completely different in appearance and behavior.
= Darwin termed natural selection as the major mechanism in origin and evolution of species
= More organism are produced that can live.
=Demanded by organisms for limited environmental sources such as nutrients, living space or light.
= Occurrence of an organism in more than one distinct of survival.
= Inherited characteristics that increase the chance of survival.
= The formation of new species as a result of geographic, physiological, anatomical or behavioral factors that prevent previously, interbreeding populations from breeding with each other.
* May 6, 1856 - September 23, 1939
*Vienna, Austria
* Father of Psychoanalysis
*Best known for theory of unconsciousness, repression, psycho sexual stages
= Is the only component of personality that is present from birth.
= Component of personality that is responsible for dealing with reality.
= Strives to satisfy the id's desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways.
= The aspect of personality that holds all of our internalized and moral standards
=provide guidelines for making judgements.
= outshines everything since the Christianity and reduces the RENAISSANCE and REFORMATION to the rankof mere episodes, mere internal displacements. The scientific revolution was the REAL ORIGINAL both of the modern world and modern mentality.
HERBERT BUTTERFIELD
All three civilization's temple had religious aspects within them
Mathematics- Used vigesimal number system
-Solar and Religious Calendar
-Accurate calculations about the sun and moon using only stick
= Farmers used to terraces to maximize crops .
=Build large stones buildings without mortar
= Invented Rubber
=Used jadeite for many sorts tools
= invented canoes
= many medical advances
=invented wheel
All three civilization's temple had religious aspects within them.
MAYANS: Ball Courts
AZTECS : Area dedicated to certain gods
INCAS: Made to assist worship to gods
AZTECS: Told stories through sculptures, pottery, wearing and poetry.
INCAS: Utilized stones masonry and textiles
MAYANS: Sculptures and paintings deflect religious figures scores of battles and sacrifice.
MAYANS: writing system consisting of 800 symbols called glyphs standing for words and letters.
AZTECS: spoke language called Nahuati
INCAS: memorized importance information,spoke in a language called Quechua
MAYAN: Advance water systems
AZTEC: Had aqueducts
INCAS: Road system
MAYAN: Used Hieroglyphics
AZTEC: Pictographic system of writing
INCAS: Road system provided efficient communication
= Known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works.
=Medicine - Ayurveda
= Ancient Indians were very interested in astronomy, the study of stars and planets.
=they could even predict eclipses of the sun and moon.
= Tried to standardize measurements of length to a high degree of accuracy
=Traditional medicine - acupuncture
=Compass, papermaking, gunpowder, printing tools
=Astronomy - heavenly bodies , lunar calendars
= Dominantly occupied by Muslims
=Greater value on science experiments
= Was an Arab mathematician, astronomer and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age
= Father of Optics
= concept of the algorithm in mathematics.
= Calendars, calculating true position of the sun, moon and planets, table of sines and tangents, spherical astronomy, astrological tables
= Development of Geometry
=Center of alchemy
=Studied human anatomy and pharmacology
=Astronomy
=Mathematics
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https://www.slideshare.net/annaestardo/bspsts-pt2
https://quizlet.com
https://www.verywellmind.com
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