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Discourse Competence
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Discourse Competence
Coherence
Coherence
• Coherence is established in texts when a speech act conditions another speech act and/or is conditioned by previous speech acts (speech act coherence).
• There is a tie of coherence between an initiating and a responding speech act.
• Another type of coherence is established through ties between the content or propositions expressed by different acts (semantic coherence).
• Coherence is one way in which structure is created in texts without making use of special formal means for expressing senteces.
Cohesion
Cohesion which can be defined as the creation of ties between sentences
Variation
Variation
Cohesion and variation are two sides of the same coin. Cohesion is used to adress a subject with a different pronoun e.g. it.
This means that too much cohesion destroys the possibility for variation, and too much variation makes cohesion redundant.
The risk of using this type of cohesion can lead ...
The risk of using this type of cohesion can lead to monotony
Discourse phases
Discourse phases
Three phases;
- The opening phase
- the core phase
- the ending phase
The opening phase;
- Identification a...
The opening phase;
- Identification and greeting phase
- Hello Peter how are you? how is the weather in the UK?
- The core phase;
- The initiator gets to the heart of matter
"Can you send me five thousand pounds"
- The ending phase
- closing phase and preclosing subphase
"i gotta go pick up the kids form school, talk to you later peter"
Turn-taking
Turn-taking
Turn taking can be useful when conversing with people to avoid difficulties between the people involved in the conversation.
Turn taking is typically used in 3 different scenarios
When the speaker indicates that he/she a...
When the speaker indicates that he/she are done with the current sentence and expects a respons from another participant.
"At what time is dinner served?"
When the speaker tries to get another person in...
When the speaker tries to get another person into the conversation
"What are your thoughts John?"
When the person current speaker stops t...
When the person current speaker stops the conversation to let the other person(s) know that they're done with the conversation
"That's all I wanted to know, thanks!"
Gambits
Used to regulate sentences, makes turn-taking in conversations, where the users are not familiar with eachother, more clear and manageable.
Gambits are useful especially for learners who has some difficulties talking in conversation because they have to plan what to say at what time.
Repair work
- When the speaker or listener repairs something the speaker has said, which appears to be disturbing for the understanding of the sentence
- Listener request to repair someting the speaker has said which is refered as "Other initiated repair"
- When the speaker herself realise that a repair is needed is called - Self initiated repair
- if both the listener and the speaker completes and repair the sentence we have - a Non interactional repairs