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Black History Timeline

We are Kiana,Nancy

and Dana.

Viola Desmond

July 6,1914(Halifax)-February 7,1965(New York City)

Viola Irene Desmond was a black Nova Scotian bussinesswoman who challange racial segregation at a film theatre in New Glasgow,Nova Scotia,in 1946.She refused to leave a whites-only area of the Roseland Theatre and was unjustly convicted of a minor tax violation used to enforce segregation.In 2016,the Bank of Canada announced that Desmond will be the first Canadian woman to be featured on the front of the banknote.She is slated to appear on the $10 bill in 2018.She was removed from the theatre and arrested.She was charged with tax exasion over failing to pay the the one-cent difference in tax between the cheaper balcony and the slightly more expensive main floor tickets.She was fined C$20(=$270 in 2016)and court costs of $6. She paid the fine and returned to Halifax.Her lawyer Bissett refused to bill Desmond and the money was used to support Dr. William Pearly Oliver's newly established Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NSAACP).After the trial, Desmond closed her business and moved to Montreal where she could enroll in a business college.She eventually settled in New York,where she died from a gastrointestinal hemorrhage at the age of 50.She is buried at Camp Hill Cemetery in Halifax,Nova Scotia.

Viola Desmond

http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/vio...

http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/viola-desmond/

Harry Jerome

September 30,1940(Prince Alberta)-December 7,1982(North Vancouver)

Harry Winston Jerome,OC(Order of Canada),was a Canadian track and field runner.He was the grandson of John Howard,a railway porter who represented Canada in the 1912 Summer Olympics. His sister,Valerie Jerome, was also an Olympian who competed for Canada at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.He competed for Canada in the 1960,1964,and 1968 Summer Olympics.His first world record was a 10-second flat 100-metre sprint.He won a bronze medal at the1964 Olympics,and gold at the 1966 Commonwealth Game.He continued to sprint successfully until the late 1960s,despite suffering an injury so severe at the Perth Commonwealth Games in 1962 that doctors initially believed he would never walk again.He earned a master's degree in physical education (University of Oregon).After retiring from athletics in 1969,he was invited by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to help create Canada's new Ministry of Sport.He held a number of senior positions in the ministry but resigned over the government's cancellation of a large-scale public-private partnership he had negotiated with Kellogg's to promote youth participation in athletics.During the 1980s Jerome headed the Premier's Sport Award program in British Columbia, Canada.In 1984,the Labatts International Track Classic Pre-Olympic meet was renamed the Harry Jerome International Track Classic.The Stanley Park sea wall in his native Vancouver is graced with a 9-foot bronze statue of him.

Harry Jerome

http://www.harryjerome.com/history/harry-jerome/

Portia White

June 24,1911(Truro)-February 13,1968(Toronto)

Portia White was a Canadian operatic contralto.She was the third of 13 children,her mother was a descendant of Black Loyalists,while her father was the son of former slaves from Virginia.She made her national debut as a singer in Toronto in 1941,and her international debut in New York City in 1944.She entered Dalhousie University in 1929, and from the early 1930s taught in Africville.She won a scholarship to continue her musical training at the Halifax Conservatory of Music in 1939 with noted Italian baritone Ernesto Vinci.Vocal problems later forced her to retire from singing in 1952,and she settled in Toronto,where she taught some of Canada's foremost singers of the day.She briefly left retirement to perform for Queen Elizabeth II,at the opening of the Charlottetown's Confederation Centre in 1964.This was to be one of her last major concerts.She has been declared "a person of national historic significance"by the Government of Canada, and she was featured in a special issue of Millennium postage stamps celebrating Canadian achievement.The Nova Scotia Talent Trust was created in her honour, as was the Portia White Prize.She is the namesake of the street Portia White Court, Halifax, Nova Scotia.She died at the age of 56,following a long battle with cancer.

Portia White

http://wsog.blogspot.ca/2006/02/portia-white-voice-...

http://wsog.blogspot.ca/2006/02/portia-white-voice-of-nova-scotia.html

Elijah McCoy

May 2,1844(Colchester)-October 10,1929(Detroit,Michigan)

Elijah J.McCoy was a Canadian-American inventor and engineer who was notable for his 57 U.S. patents,most having to do with the lubrication of steam engines.About 5-year-old,he returned to the United States with his family in 1847,where he lived for the rest of his life and became a U.S. citizen.He was born free in Colchester,Ontario to George and Mildred McCoy.They were fugitive slaves who had escaped from Kentucky to Canada via helpers through the Underground Railroad.In 1847,the family returned to the US,settling in Ypsilanti,Michigan and he had eleven siblings.At age 15,he traveled to Edinburgh,Scotland for an apprenticeship and study.After some years,he was certified in Scotland as a mechanical engineer.In Michigan,he could find work only as a fireman and oiler at the Michigan Central Railroad.He invented an automatic lubricator for oiling the steam engines of locomotives and ships,patenting it in 1872 as "Improvement in Lubricators for Steam-Engines".Similar automatic oilers had been patented previously;one is the displacement lubricator,which had already attained widespread use and whose technological descendants continued to be widely used into the 20th century.Lubricators were a boon for railroads, as they enabled trains to run faster and more profitably with less need to stop for lubrication and maintenance.He died in the Eloise Infirmary in Westland,Michigan at the age of 85,after suffering injuries from a car accident seven years earlier in which his wife Mary died.He is buried at Detroit Memorial Park East in Warren, Michigan.

Elijah McCoy

http://www.savway.net/elijah-j.-mccoy.html

Mary Ann Shadd

October 9,1823(Wilmington,Delaware)-June 5,1893 (Washington,D.C.)

Mary Ann Shadd Cary was an American-Canadian anti-slavery activist journalist,publisher,teacher and lawyer. She was the first black woman publisher in North America and the first woman publisher in Canada.She was an abolitionist who became the first female African-American newspaper editor in North America when she edited the Provincial Freeman in 1853.She was the eldest of 13 children of Abraham Doras Shadd and Harriet Burton Parnell.Abraham D.Shadd was a grandson of Hans Schad, alias John Shadd,a native of Hesse-Cassel who had entered the United States serving as a Hessian soldier with the British Army during the French and Indian War.Her former residence in the U Street Corridor was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976.In 1987,she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project.She was also honoured by Canada, being designated a Person of National Historic Significance.She died in Washington,D.C. She was interred at Columbian Harmony Cemetery.

Mary Ann Shadd

http://www.whitepinepictures.com/seeds/i/5/

John Ware

1845(South Carolina)-September 12,1905(Brooks)

John Ware was an African-American cowboy best remembered for his ability to ride and train horses and for bringing the first cattle to southern Alberta in 1882, helping to create that province's important ranching industry.He was born into slavery in South Carolina. After the American Civil War he left the Carolinas for Texas where he learned the skills of a rancher and became a cowboy.His great stature and dedication to hard work made him a natural and allowed him to work his way up to Canada driving cattle from Texas to Montana and then into the great plains that would eventually become Alberta.By 1900,he and his wife, Mildred Lewis had five children.In 1902 his first home was destroyed by the spring flood.He rebuilt on higher ground overlooking a stream,now called Ware Creek. Three years later Mildred died in the spring;despite being a master horseman John was killed in the fall when his horse tripped in a badger hole crushing its rider and breaking his neck.Ware's funeral was reported to be one of the largest held in the early days of Calgary.

John Ware

https://tackk.com/zc1zs1

Nathaniel Dett

October 11,1882(Niagara Falls)-October 2,1943 (Battle Creek,Michigan)

Robert Nathaniel Dett was a composer,organist, pianist and music professor,born in Canada,but he spent most of his professional career in the United States.He was a leading Black composer,known for his use of African-American folk songs and spirituals as the basis for choral and piano compositions in the 19th century Romantic style of Classical music.He was among the first Black composers during the early years of the American Society of Composers,Authors and Publishers (ASCAP).His works often appeared among the programs of Will Marion Cook's New York Syncopated Orchestra.He performed at Carnegie Hall and at the Boston Symphony Hall as a pianist and choir director.He studied piano and showing initial interest when he was three years old and starting piano lessons at the age of five.At about age 14,he played piano for his local church and he studied at the Oliver Willis Halstead Conservatory of Music from 1901 to 1903.He joined the United Service Organization(USO)as a choral advisor to contribute to the war efforts.Traveling with the USO chorus,he died of a heart attack,he was buried by his wife as well as his two daughters.He was buried in the town of his birth at Niagara Falls,Ontario.The Chapel of the British Methodist Episcopal Church in Niagara Falls was named in honour of Dett, from 1898 to 1903,who was the organist at that church. The church was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 2001.

Nathaniel Dett

http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/...

http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/05/26/climate-change

Thank You For Listening

Sorces

https://www.mysteriesofcanada.com/canada/famous-black-canadians/

https://www.wikipedia.org/

Thank You For Listening

Sorc...

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