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Republic of China
People's Republic of China
The Chinese Civil War was a conflict between the Chinese communist and the Chinese nationalist. It began in 1927 and ended in 1949. They paused the civil war due to the Japanese invasion of China and WW2. They continued the civil war after the defeat of Japan. The Chinese Communist, with the help of the Soviet Union, came out victorious against the Chinese Nationalist. The Nationalist later fled to Taiwan while the Communist took over the Chinese mainland.
The KMT and the CCP
During the Chinese Civil War, the Great Depression causes a decline of the economy in the world including China. Also during this time, the tension between the communist and anti-communist starts to rise. During the second world war, Japan invades China, which led to the pause of the Chinese Civil War.
Warlordism in China
Shanghai Massacare- The KMT attacked members of the Chinese Communist Party. Hundreds were killed and tortured by the Chinese Nationalist. This ended the first Chinese United Front between the KMT and the CCP. It also marked the beginning of the Chinese Civil War. This occured on April 12, 1927.
Shanghai Massacre
Empire of Japan
It began on July 9, 1926 and ended in 1928. The Chinese Nationalist start expanding into Northern China and want to unite China. They took Shanghai, arrested the communist, and suppressed the guards of the General Labour Union. The KMT also becomes the official government of China.
The black arrows represents the movement of the Chinese Nationalist
It began on October 15, 1934 and ended in October 1935. Mao Zedong became the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. The Chinese Communist relocated their base from southeastern to northwestern China. This inspired many young Chinese to join the Chinese Communist Party. The Chinese communist party successfully pushed back the Nationalist during the march. This even prevented the total annihilation of the CCP.
The communist route from the JIangxi province to the Shaanxi province.
It began in 1937 and ended in 1945. Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek prefers to keep fighting against the Chinese communist forces despite Japanese aggression against China. But he later was forced to unite with the Chinese communists to fight against Japan, forming the second Chinese United Front. Clash between Chinese and the Japanese began on July 7, 1937. The strength of the communists grew during this time period, while the Nationalist struggled with inflation and war.
This is the decisive phase of the conflict. It began in 1945 and ended in 1949. After the Japanese surrender, the Chinese Nationalist and Communist begin to fight in a full-scale war against each other in China. The Chinese Communist controlled Northern China and began to expand to the rest of the Chinese mainland. The Chinese communist army started to score major victories against the Nationalist in 1948. In 1949, the Chinese Nationalist fled to Taiwan after they were defeated by the communists.
Mao Zedong established the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949.
Both these political cartoon are created during the Cold War Era. Both these cartoon were created by Jim Berryman. The 1st political cartoon is created in 1953 and the 2nd political cartoon is created in 1963.
Citations-https://www.archives.gov/files/legislative/resources/education/cold-war-in-political-cartoons/primary-source-sheets.pdf T
This cartoon depicts Mao Zedong, the leader of the Chinese Communist, being hit by a black ball.
One of the most significant reforms in China is gender equality. The Chinese constitution stated that Chinese women are equal to men. Chinese women also get to choose their own partners. Economy in communist China starts to improve in the 1980s when they opened up foreign investment and implemented free market reforms. Another change in China is the chinese words. Chinese words are more simplified in China, while Taiwan still using the traditional Chinese words.
The Chinese Civil War is important because the establishment of the People’s Republic Of China ended the centuries of imperial rule in China. China starts to become a major power after communist reforms. It also contributed to the growing divide between the communist world and the Western democracy world during the Cold War Era.