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1754-1776

Eric Wang

Alex Smith

Casimiro Dziewit

1763

1754

1756-1763

1765-66

1763

1767

1764-1765

1774

1773

1770

1765

1774

Albany Congress

Plan of the union

1754

Albany congress

Cause

Albany Congress was formed due to the Board of Trade directing them to make a stronger alliance with the Iroquois and to plan inter colonial defense.

25 delegates from 7 seven norther and middle colonies and 200 Native individuals. Failed to strengthen the ties of the colony through a inter colonial legislature.

Cause

Effect

Helped bring the colonies together even if thee Plan of Union failed.

Effect

7 Years War and Treaty of Paris

7 Years War/

Treaty of Paris

Cause

Fighting at the forks of Ohio ignited a simmering conflict between Austria and Prussia. England lined up against France and Spain, the war started in the colonies and spread globally.

Cause

Effect

The British ended up winning the war and so the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1763 resulting in Britain gaining large portions of land in the colonies and secured the New World.

Effect

Pontiac's War

Pontiac's War

Cause

As settlers from the colonies moved into Native lands Neolin a shaman called for unity between the tribes and stop the Anglo-American threat. Pontiac a war chief became the leader and besieged Fort Detroit. Pontiac's were forced to a treaty 3 years later.

Cause

Effect

After the war colonists didn't trust the Native people and this culminated in the Paxton Boys who promoted violence toward Native People. This also lead to the Proclamation of 1763.

Effect

Proclamation of 1763

Proclamation of 1763

Cause

This proclamation was implemented because of the Pontiac war and the lack of defense in the west. The proclamation said that there would be no settlements west of the proclamation line.

Cause

Effect

This angered the colonists because many wanted to move west to see the territory they had just fought for. This also made the Scotts-Irish mad because they were already living in settlements west of the proclamation line.

Effect

Sugar, Currency, Stamp Acts

Sugar, Currency Stamp Acts

Currency Act

Banned colonial paper money in private transactions

Accepted for public debt payments such as provincial taxes

Currency Act

Stamp Act

Tax on paper goods, stamps pair in Sterling, violators will be tried in Vice Admiralty courts

Affected lawyers and writers resulting in more powerful pushback

revoked by the Declaratory Act

Sugar Act

Reduced previous taxes on French molasses from 6-3 pence

Will be enforced and violators will be tried at Vice Admiralty Courts

Quartering Act

The Quartering Act ordered colonists to provide quarters for British soldiers.

Colonists had to allow soldiers to stay in their homes and provide them with food, fuel etc.

Cause

British government left solders behind to protect the colonists from Natives or French settlers. They believed that the colonists should help pay and take care of the army

The British Government believed that if they could get British solders to stay in the houses of revolutionary colonists they could keep an eye on them and stop them.

Effect

The colonists were angry and they did not want to pay for the army

The revolutionary colonists that were targeted had to either cease revolutionary activity or had to find ways to evade the solders

Land Riots in the Hudson River Valley in the mid 1760's

Land Riots

Cause and context

Cause and Context

Most serious land riots took place in the Hudson River valley in 1765-66. Governor of NY granted huge land tracts in the lower Hudson River Valley to prominent families. These families rented the land out to poor Dutch and Germans. Newcomers from New England and Europe resisted this tenancy system and settled on vacant portions of land without permission and rejected any attempts to evict them.

Philipse family sued farmers who had lived on the land for 2 decades in the mind 60's and the court upheld the landlord's claim. The court ordered the settlers to make way for tenants with valid leases

Effect and What Happened

Effect

A diverse group of farmers rebelled, terrorizing proprietors and loyal tenants, freeing their friends from jail and on one occasion battling a country sheriff and his posse

The rebellion lasted a year and ended when redcoats captured the rebellion's leaders

Townsend Acts

A counter to mercantilism

taxes goods that Britain produces, within the Empire. such as

glass

tea

lead

Paid in sterling

Violators tried in the Vice Admiralty Courts

Townsend Acts

Effect

Cause much unrest in the colonies

Many protests broke out as the colonies this act was an example that the British did "Taxation without representation"

These protests would soon develop into larger skirmishes such as the Boston massicre

Townsend Act

The British wanted the colonies to be self sufficient

They believed that the colonies would be ok with the

The Townsend Act was used to pay the salaries of officials such as Governors and Judges.

Cause

Boston Massacre

A fight between the British troops and a group of colonists in which five colonists were killed after British fired onto them.

The colonists were throwing snowballs at British troops, Colonists started putting rocks in the snowballs.

Cause

Relations were very poor between the Colonists and the British. The colonists did not like the previous acts such as the Quartering Act and the Townsend Acts.

Cause

Effect

Colonists started throwing snowballs and calling them names. The colonists were fired upon and five were killed. Samuel Adams used the dead colonists as a reason for revolution

The British Troops were rightfully acquitted so as the colonists were throwing snowballs with rocks. If they were not, there would have been very harsh British Control in Colonies

Tea Act

Saves British East India Company from Bankruptcy. (Members in parliament own stock)

Gives BEIC a monopoly on tea trade

results in cheaper tea, however colonists see that this will only be the short term

Tyranny as monopoly means that company will have control over all places without check

Tea Act

The colonists boycotted against the British goods that hurt their own trade.

British repealed the Townsend Acts after the Boston Massacre however parliament only kept the tea tax

Cause

Effect

The Sons of Liberty organized a protest Against the Tea Act (Boston Tea party)

Effect

Lord Dunmore's War

Lord Dunmore's Wars

Cause and Context

Few backcountry folk liked the region's natives, Frontier dwellers had little interest in small scale trade that was only done to keep the peace. They wanted land to grow crops and pasture their livestock, land that the natives had.

In 1774, Lord Dunmore moved vigorously to assort its title to Virginias rapidy developing backcountry. Tensions mounted as Virginias surveyed land on the south side of the Ohio River.

Cause and Context

Effect and What Happpened

Effect

Armed settlers attacked a shawnee canoe carrying women, children and one man, all of which were murdered and scalped. Mingo leader whos kin died in the attack gathered warriors to relatiate. Dunmore dispatched 2000 troops to fight the natives along the Ohio River. Chippewas, Miamis, Wyandots, and Delawares sided with the Shawnee.

In the end, the Shawnee were defeated and their leader ceded land that would become Kentucky

First Cintinental Congress

First Continental congress

1774

What They Needed to Do

The colonies' leading policitcal figures, convened at Carpenters' Hall, and faced three tasks:

Those three tasks were to define American grievances, developing a plan for resistance, and articulate their constitutional relationship with Britain

Effect

John Adams' wording of what the congress concluded was accepted and used.

The three crucial clauses in the Congress's Declaration of Rights and Grievances asserted that Americans would obey Parliament, but only voluntarily, and that they would resist all measures that were taxes in disguise.

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