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Eric Wang
Alex Smith
Casimiro Dziewit
1763
1754
1756-1763
1765-66
1763
1767
1764-1765
1774
1773
1770
1765
1774
Albany Congress was formed due to the Board of Trade directing them to make a stronger alliance with the Iroquois and to plan inter colonial defense.
25 delegates from 7 seven norther and middle colonies and 200 Native individuals. Failed to strengthen the ties of the colony through a inter colonial legislature.
Helped bring the colonies together even if thee Plan of Union failed.
7 Years War and Treaty of Paris
Fighting at the forks of Ohio ignited a simmering conflict between Austria and Prussia. England lined up against France and Spain, the war started in the colonies and spread globally.
The British ended up winning the war and so the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1763 resulting in Britain gaining large portions of land in the colonies and secured the New World.
As settlers from the colonies moved into Native lands Neolin a shaman called for unity between the tribes and stop the Anglo-American threat. Pontiac a war chief became the leader and besieged Fort Detroit. Pontiac's were forced to a treaty 3 years later.
After the war colonists didn't trust the Native people and this culminated in the Paxton Boys who promoted violence toward Native People. This also lead to the Proclamation of 1763.
This proclamation was implemented because of the Pontiac war and the lack of defense in the west. The proclamation said that there would be no settlements west of the proclamation line.
This angered the colonists because many wanted to move west to see the territory they had just fought for. This also made the Scotts-Irish mad because they were already living in settlements west of the proclamation line.
Banned colonial paper money in private transactions
Accepted for public debt payments such as provincial taxes
Tax on paper goods, stamps pair in Sterling, violators will be tried in Vice Admiralty courts
Affected lawyers and writers resulting in more powerful pushback
revoked by the Declaratory Act
Reduced previous taxes on French molasses from 6-3 pence
Will be enforced and violators will be tried at Vice Admiralty Courts
The Quartering Act ordered colonists to provide quarters for British soldiers.
Colonists had to allow soldiers to stay in their homes and provide them with food, fuel etc.
British government left solders behind to protect the colonists from Natives or French settlers. They believed that the colonists should help pay and take care of the army
The British Government believed that if they could get British solders to stay in the houses of revolutionary colonists they could keep an eye on them and stop them.
The colonists were angry and they did not want to pay for the army
The revolutionary colonists that were targeted had to either cease revolutionary activity or had to find ways to evade the solders
Most serious land riots took place in the Hudson River valley in 1765-66. Governor of NY granted huge land tracts in the lower Hudson River Valley to prominent families. These families rented the land out to poor Dutch and Germans. Newcomers from New England and Europe resisted this tenancy system and settled on vacant portions of land without permission and rejected any attempts to evict them.
Philipse family sued farmers who had lived on the land for 2 decades in the mind 60's and the court upheld the landlord's claim. The court ordered the settlers to make way for tenants with valid leases
A diverse group of farmers rebelled, terrorizing proprietors and loyal tenants, freeing their friends from jail and on one occasion battling a country sheriff and his posse
The rebellion lasted a year and ended when redcoats captured the rebellion's leaders
A counter to mercantilism
taxes goods that Britain produces, within the Empire. such as
glass
tea
lead
Paid in sterling
Violators tried in the Vice Admiralty Courts
Cause much unrest in the colonies
Many protests broke out as the colonies this act was an example that the British did "Taxation without representation"
These protests would soon develop into larger skirmishes such as the Boston massicre
The British wanted the colonies to be self sufficient
They believed that the colonies would be ok with the
The Townsend Act was used to pay the salaries of officials such as Governors and Judges.
A fight between the British troops and a group of colonists in which five colonists were killed after British fired onto them.
The colonists were throwing snowballs at British troops, Colonists started putting rocks in the snowballs.
Relations were very poor between the Colonists and the British. The colonists did not like the previous acts such as the Quartering Act and the Townsend Acts.
Colonists started throwing snowballs and calling them names. The colonists were fired upon and five were killed. Samuel Adams used the dead colonists as a reason for revolution
The British Troops were rightfully acquitted so as the colonists were throwing snowballs with rocks. If they were not, there would have been very harsh British Control in Colonies
Saves British East India Company from Bankruptcy. (Members in parliament own stock)
Gives BEIC a monopoly on tea trade
results in cheaper tea, however colonists see that this will only be the short term
Tyranny as monopoly means that company will have control over all places without check
The colonists boycotted against the British goods that hurt their own trade.
British repealed the Townsend Acts after the Boston Massacre however parliament only kept the tea tax
The Sons of Liberty organized a protest Against the Tea Act (Boston Tea party)
Few backcountry folk liked the region's natives, Frontier dwellers had little interest in small scale trade that was only done to keep the peace. They wanted land to grow crops and pasture their livestock, land that the natives had.
In 1774, Lord Dunmore moved vigorously to assort its title to Virginias rapidy developing backcountry. Tensions mounted as Virginias surveyed land on the south side of the Ohio River.
Armed settlers attacked a shawnee canoe carrying women, children and one man, all of which were murdered and scalped. Mingo leader whos kin died in the attack gathered warriors to relatiate. Dunmore dispatched 2000 troops to fight the natives along the Ohio River. Chippewas, Miamis, Wyandots, and Delawares sided with the Shawnee.
In the end, the Shawnee were defeated and their leader ceded land that would become Kentucky
The colonies' leading policitcal figures, convened at Carpenters' Hall, and faced three tasks:
Those three tasks were to define American grievances, developing a plan for resistance, and articulate their constitutional relationship with Britain
John Adams' wording of what the congress concluded was accepted and used.
The three crucial clauses in the Congress's Declaration of Rights and Grievances asserted that Americans would obey Parliament, but only voluntarily, and that they would resist all measures that were taxes in disguise.