Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading content…
Loading…
Transcript

Typhoid Fever

By: Annabella, Karina, Anthony, and Richard

What is Typhoid Fever?

What is Typhoid Fever?

  • Salmonella typhi
  • high fevers, weakness, stomach pains, headache, and loss of appetite
  • internal bleeding and death can occur but are rare, very
  • may be hard to treat in developing countries
  • treated with antibiotics
  • Typhoid fever usually lasts between seven and fourteen days, but can be as short as three days, or as long as 30 days.
  • Avoid raw, unpeeled fruits and vegetables that may have been washed with contaminated water

Stages of Typhoid

  • Typhoid fever has 4 stages, and each stage lasts about a week.

Stages of Typhoid

Stage 1

  • A slowly rising temperature
  • Malaise, headache, cough, and relative bradycardia
  • Epistaxis can also occur in ¼ cases.

Stage 1

Stage 2

  • Continuing high fever
  • Considerable weight loss
  • Extremely distended abdomen
  • Dicrotic pulse wave
  • Continuing Bradycardia
  • Delirium, which is frequent, frequently calm, and sometimes agitated.

Stage 2

Stage 3

  • A number of complications can occur:
  • Intestinal perforation
  • Intestinal hemorrhage due to bleeding
  • Fever is still very high
  • Encephalitis
  • Lying motionless with eyes half-opened
  • Dehydration occurs, and increases delirium

Stage 3

Stage 4

  • Defervescence commences that continues into the fourth week
  • The fever and delirium is gradually getting better

Stage 4

Symptoms and Complications

  • Symptoms gradually develop, appears 1-3 weeks after being diagnosed
  • Early symptoms: headaches, bad appetite, weakness, fatigue, muscle aches, etc.
  • Later symptoms: becoming delirious, and lying motionless
  • most serious complications usually occur during third week of illness
  • Complications: intestinal bleeding or holes in the intestines
  • severe abdominal pain, infection in the bloodstream, and more
  • Less common complications: pneumonia, inflammation of the heart muscle, meningitis
  • complications require immediate health care

Symptoms and Complications

Causes

  • Salmonella typhi
  • Contaminated food or water
  • Eating seafood from a water source contaminated waste (human or animal)
  • Raw vegetables fertilized with human waste
  • Contaminated milk
  • Spreads when people travel
  • If someone doesn't wash their hands properly
  • Can be passed if they eat the contaminated food
  • Using a toilet contaminated with bacteria and not washing their hands

Causes

Risk Factors

  • Developing worlds
  • India, Southeast Asia, Africa, South America
  • Children have a higher risk of getting infected
  • Mild symptoms
  • Higher risk in countries that lacks access to clean water
  • Being a microbiologist who handles salmonella
  • Being in a place where there is typhoid fever
  • Being with someone who recently got typhoid fever or has the fever

Risk Factors

Prevention; Is it Contagious?

Photos

  • public health goals: drinking safe water, improving sanitation exc. may be difficult to achieve
  • Experts believe vaccinations are the best solution
  • two vaccines are available at the moment
  • not 100% effective or provide a full prevention to typhoid fever
  • follow protocol: avoid drinking contaminated water, raw fruits and vegetables, instead choose hot foods
  • typhoid fever is very contagious
  • spreads through fecal contamination, food, and water (not through air or touching)
  • Ways to prevent the typhoid fever: wash hands thoroughly and often, avoid preparing food for others, follow the doctor’s instructions

Prevention; Is it Contagious?

Treatments

  • good treatment for Typhoid fever is antibiotics
  • Notable ones:
  • Ciprofloxacin, for non-pregnant adults.
  • Azithromycin, if the bacteria influencing Typhoid fever is resistant to Ciprofloxacin, or if the patient is unable to take Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone
  • drink water if you have Typhoid fever
  • For more severe cases, surgery will be required.

Treatments

Bibliography

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/typhoid-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20378661?page=0&citems=10

https://www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/article.htm

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/typhoid-fever/causes/

https://www.healthline.com/health/typhoid#causes

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/typhoid-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378665

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/typhoid

https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Typhoid_fever_risk_factors

https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/typhoid-fever/risks.html

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17730-typhoid-fever/prevention

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/156859

https://www.slideshare.net/kmm49/typhoid-fever-1551854

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi