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The Chaldean Empire

A New Empire (1)

  • In 1000 BCE, the Assyrians conquered the small Chaldean kingdom in southern Mesopotamia

- They never liked the Assyrians because of how harsh they were

  • Around 600 BCE, a new Assyrian ruler was to be determined, which caused fighting

- King Nabopolassar would now reclaim the throne of the Chaldean Empire

- Nabopolassar led a revolt against the Assyrians and became the King of Babylonia.

- The Assyrian Empire fell after they lost to the Chaldeans and other kingdoms

A New Empire (2)

  • Nabopolassar and his son Nebuchadnezzar created a new empire, the New Babylonian Empire.

- This empire was named after the fact that the Chaldeans descended from Babylonians.

  • After many conquests, the Chaldeans gained control of almost all of the Assyrian land
  • Their capital was now Babylon

The Greatness of Babylon (1)

  • Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt Babylon

- The largest and richest city in the world

- Brick walls surrounded it

- Soldiers kept watch in towers located within the walls

The Greatness of Babylon (2)

  • The Hanging Gardens

- A ziggurat in the center of Babylon that was larger than 300 feet and had a golden roof

- It was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

- There were terraced gardens, large trees, flowers, and vines

- They used an irrigation system to bring water from the Euphrates River up to the top of the Hanging Gardens, and allowed the water to flow down the stepped terrace

- Nebuchadnezzar supposedly built this for his wife, who missed the mountains and nature

- Roads made of limestone and marble as well as walls with blue glazed tile allowed people to see the site

The Greatness of Babylon (3)

  • A golden statue of the God Marduk was brought into the city every spring, making thousands of people gather, to hold a ceremony that would bring peace and a good crop season
  • The governmental system was successful, since it had to cover so much land

- High taxes and tributes were collected to fund the army and canals were used frequently, making the area even more fertile

  • Trade brought in great wealth for the Babylonian Empire

- The artisans produced pottery, cloth, jewelry, and baskets

- Merchants would travel along the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea to trade

  • Scientific innovations were created

- The Chaldean astronomers would map patterns of the stars, planets, and moon phases

- They believed the Gods showed their future plans in the sky

- They created one of the first sundials and followed a seven-day week

  • After Nebuchadnezzar died, there were a few bad/weak Kings that followed
  • Poor crop harvests and slow trade did not help
  • In 539 BCE, the Persians realized the Chaldean Empire was weak, so they took advantage and captured Babylon

- Mesopotamia was now a part of the Persian Empire

  • The Persians liked all of the innovation and progress of the Chaldeans, so they allowed some cultural aspects to continue

The Fall of the Empire

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