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Ocean cartography
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ANTIQUE WORLD MAP
Ocean Cartography
Cartography
What does cartography do?
-> Map representing geographical area
-> Shows geographical conditions
-> Gather data about Earth
-> Maps are source of knowledge for the recipient
Meaning
Type of maps
-> nature
-> political
-> general geographic
-> socio-economic
Type of maps
What about ocean cartography?
What is the influence of ocean maps on our modern life?
First maps
First ocean maps
The first detailed ocean maps were created in the late 1930s. The seabed was explored with the help of ships and their echosounders. At that time, the heights below sea level were studied. The problem was places where ships had a problem with accessibility, but with the development of echo sounders, inaccessible places were not a problem.
Map development
Development of maps
In the 1940s, seabed maps developed the whaling industry by looking for relationships between the occurrence of fish and the topography. It was then that the seabed was precisely described: oceanic mountains, rifts and continental shelves. Thanks to these maps, the theory of plate tectonics, the expansion of the earth's crusts, the formation of oceanic mountains, earthquakes, volcanism, new islands, ocean ditches was confirmed.
National security
In the next decade, mapping became a much more secret undertaking. World War II made the oceans much more important to national security due to long-distance connectivity and the fight against submarines. Ocean maps identified the potential routes of Soviet submarines during the Cold War, as well as allowing submarine hostilities. Maps constituted a great deal of knowledge which, in the hands of the enemy, is a dangerous to national security.
altitude rangefinder
PICTURES
Transatlantic telegraph cable
Telegraph cable
The knowledge of the shape of the bottom sea allowed it to be routed over a distance of 5k km. It connected North America with Europe, reducing the time needed to deliver messages between them to a few minutes. Previously, ships were used for this purpose, which took about ten days.
To sum up
Importance of ocean maps. Why ocean maps are important to us?
Sum up
-> development of the mining industry (oil, gas)
-> development of fishing
-> shaping of the sea bottom
-> confirmation plate tectonics theory
-> responsible for national security
-> development of the transatlantic telegraph cable