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The controversy on multiculturalism has changed the political fronts. The Left defends respect for minority cultures while the Right stands guard over the national culture. But these two fronts merely constitute two variants of a culturalist ideology, argue Jens-Martin Eriksen and Frederik Stjernfelt.
the idea that individuals are determined by their culture, that these cultures form closed, organic wholes, and that the individual is unable to leave his or her own culture but rather can only realize him or herself within it
-a single culture provides the basis for the state. This is the norms, behaviors, beliefs, customs, and values shared by the population of a sovereign nation (e.g., a Chinese or Canadian national culture). It refers to specific characteristics such as language, religion, ethnic and racial identity, cultural history and traditions.
- a culturally, ethnically, or racially distinct group that coexists with but is subordinate to a more dominant group. As the term is used in the social sciences, this subordinacy is the chief defining characteristic of a minority group. As such, minority status does not necessarily correlate to population.
Marxism is a worldview and method of societal analysis that focuses on class relations and societal conflict.
Historically, Marxists have generally distinguished between those aspects of popular culture which have been produced by working people themselves, e.g., folk art, tales or music, and those aspects which have been produced for them, e.g., commercial television, advertising, arcade video games, film and music.
a worldview and method of societal analysis that focuses on class relations and societal conflict, that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, and a dialectical view of social transformation.
Marxists have generally distinguished between those aspects of popular culture which have been produced by working people themselves, e.g., folk art, tales or music, and those aspects which have been produced for them, e.g., commercial television, advertising, arcade video games, film and music. spectacle.
Postmodernism is associated with relativism and a focus on ideology in the maintenance of economic and political power.
a questioning of the ideas and values associated with a form of modernism that believes in progress and innovation. Modernism insists on a clear divide between art and popular culture. But like modernism, postmodernism does not designate any one style of art or culture.
Post-structuralism builds on the insights of structuralism, it holds all meaning to be fluid rather than universal and predictable.
Structuralism is a theoretical approach that identifies patterns in social arrangements, mostly notably language.
Structuralists emphasized the idea that truth and reality were to be identified within the structure. Post-Structuralism, on the other hand, criticized this foundation of structuralism. According to Post-Structuralism, there were no realities or truths; all such elements have to be understood as constructions.
a general theory of culture and methodology that implies that elements of human culture must be understood by way of their relationship to a broader system.
rejects the structuralist notion that the dominant word in a pair is dependent on its subservient counterpart, and instead argues that founding knowledge on either pure experience (phenomenology) or on systematic structures (structuralism) is impossible.