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Basis
Application
An exchange relationship or instrumental friendship between 2 individuals of different status in which a patron uses his own influence and resources to provide for the protection and material welfare of his lower status client, who reciprocates by offering general support and assistance, including personal services. (Wurfel, 1985)
Network
combine family constellations with large prosperous family constellations at its core and smaller less fortunate and form ties based kinship. (Kerkvliet, 1995)
Motivation
Patron client relationships, kinship networks, other personal followings, then are basic units within political activity and organizations. They, in turn, compose “factions”, the other important building block in political organizations. (Kerkvliet, 1995)
faction ties, combined with the patron-client relationship, provide the network needed to serve the candidates’ interest. Elites use coercion like monetary inducements by the elites. They utilize these tactics to the point wherein they can manipulate the larger institutions in society. (Kerkvliet, 1995)
Marcos was able to divide the elites into factions for his own self interest. This was seen in how he replaced the people in the government with his selected personnel. In turn, these cronies of his turned into new oligarchs. (Wurfel, 1989)
vertical dyadic relationships with patron and client wherein the focus is not on the demands of the group but on the demands of potential clients. (Quimpo, 2005)
The dyadic relationship between Dennis Uy and Duterte: the people behind the entry of a new competitor, DITO telecommunication.
Governance
Politics
Society
local sovereigns have autonomy with “warlord-like” powers. (Kerkvliet, 1995)
Example
personal rulership with loyalty to the ruler based not on tradition, ideology or a personal mission, but on a mixture of fear and reward. (Sidel, 1989)
War on Drugs by Duterte administration (Pantag, 2021)
- Popularity over ideology/policy in electing politicians
- Reliant on social appeal/connection
Ex: Bong Revilla's senatorial career
Use of creating interpersonal relationships to secure votes
Making connections with the wealthy in hopes of getting favors in return to secure a more stable social strata.(Kerkvliet, 1995)
Ex: The lavish lifestyle of the Napoles family during the 2013 pork barrel scandal.