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TEEN PREGNANCY AROUND THE WORLD
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TEENAGE PREGNANCY AROUND THE WORLD
Suma Adam, Tawsif Mahdeen Ali Lasker, Thaima Hassan,
Xainaa Junaid, Zainab Mohamed Mujah
Beginning of Motherhood,
was the end to my childhood
ZIMBABWE
"All I wanted to do was stay in school and study like my friends, and become a nurse, one day but.......
My life ended when I was forced to get married at the age of 14"
Adolescent pregnancies in Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe has the highest teenage fertility rate in sub Saharan Africa, according to a national study.
The study revealed that one in every 10 girls, aged between 15 to 19 years falls pregnant every year. Cultural and religious practices are being blamed.
According to the shocking report, Zimbabwe records between 500 000 and 700 000 pregnancies annually. The report has also shown that almost a fifth of the pregnancies in this group are due to early child marriage.
Let them be children, Protect them!
increase their risk to unintended pregnancies, HIV/STDs and psychosocial challenges in their lives.
Unintended pregnancies
- 13% of female adolescents age 10-19 had a sexual encounter.
- 54% of girls age 10 -14 years who had been raped on their first sexual encounter.
- 26% of girls age 10 -14 years were not confident to refuse sex even if they did not want to.
- 46% were girls aged 18-19 years.
Source: Zimbabwe demographic and health survey conducted by UNFPA 2010/11
SACRIFICING
adolescent females
Some of the cultural practices that put adolescents at risk:
• Child/early marriages
• Traditional cleansing
• Wife pledging/kuzvarirwa
• HIV cleansing
Psychosocial effects on
INFANT
- Neglect
- weaker intellectual development
- lower skill set scores at kindergarten
- medical issues and behavioral issues.
MOTHER
- Depression
- Low self esteem
- Risky behaviors that lead to poor health issues and child welfare.
- Limited job opportunities
COMPLICATIONS
- Pregnancy induced hypertension
- Maternal mortality
- Excess or poor weight gain
- Congenital malformations
- High risk of sudden infant death syndrome
Shattered
RUSSIA
Imprinted forever
TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN RUSSIA
Teenage pregnancy in Russia has been on the rise for the past 30 years, constituting nearly 18 percent of the entire birth rate in the country, but sex education programs are not officially endorsed. Attempts to implement sex education met with a potent backlash in the 1990s
SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
- Shunning
- Higher rate of depression/drug abuse
- Stigma rejection
- Lack of support from family and community
COMPLICATIONS
OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY
- Maternal mortality
- Anemia
- Delayed prenatal care
- Risk of mental retardation, brain damage and birth injuries
MENTAL STATUS
Teenage pregnancy in Russia takes place with rates of sexually transmitted infections, particularly syphilis, and HIV. Nearly a million Russians are HIV-positive. Women are 20 % of those infected, and of those women, 30 % are teens 15–17 years old
Russian law allows women older than 15 years old to access anonymous sexual health services, including abortion, without parental permission. however, fears about anonymity linger from the Soviet era, leading women to seek unsafe abortions.
Up until the 12th week of pregnancy, an abortion can be performed upon request. In-between the 12th and 22nd weeks, a pregnancy can only be terminated if it was a result of rape.
EFFECTS ON THE CHILD
- Negligence
- Absent parents
- Usually poverty
- Social stigma
EGYPT
Broken Wings
"Her dream to achieve flying colors was broken"
" a dream to achieve flying colors shattered by acquisitive uncle"
Adolescent pregnancy in EGYPT
The most common cause of adolescent pregnancy in Egypt is known to be early marriage. A study shows that 1 in 6 girls (16 percent) begin childbearing by the time they reach their 18th birthday.
This ratio increases to 1 in 4 girls (27 percent) by the time they reach their 20th birthday. Girls in rural areas are more likely to be married before 18th birthday is more than that of urban areas
SOCIAL APPROACH
although child marriage is illegal, parents do it in the form of customary marriage also known as Gawaz Urfi
way of controlling the girls
way to eliminate families from their responsibility of caring for the daughters
SOCIAL BELIEF
girls who are not married before 20 years are considered infertile
ILLITERACY
POVERTY
C
H
I
L
D
Same FATE as mother
DEPRESSION
SELF-HATE
M
O
T
H
E
R
SUICIDAL ideation
PTSD
Trapped
MALDIVES
"She was Only 15"
Socially
driven away
- Social rejection
- Restriction of educational rights
- Family negligence
- Social stigma (cultural impact)
Complications
of teenage pregnancy
- Eclampsia
- Puerperal endometritis
- Systemic infections
- Low birthweight
- Pre-term delivery
- Severe neonatal conditions
Social consequences!
she was FRAGILE
she was TRAPPED
In her
mind...
she was having a
HARD TIME
she was TERRIFIED
she was HOPELESS
EFFECT ON CHILD
- Subjected to judgement & social stigma
- Negligence at school, playground
- Trauma
The national bureau of statistics: Maldives
Out of 21 million girls aged 15 to 19 who get pregnant in developing countries, only 12 million, give birth.
based on 2014 Population and Housing Census data Teenage pregnancy is very low in the Maldives, with less than 0.7 per cent of women ages 19 and younger giving birth.
INDIA
B R A V E R Y
The brave girls of India; Make your voice heard!
TEEN PREGNANCY IN INDIA
- One in four Indian women is married before 18.
- 7.8 percent of women aged 15 to 19 are pregnant or mothers
- 33.6% of India's population is born of adolescent pregnancy
- UP and Bihar together account for 30% of India’s adolescent population of 253 million, enough to be the world’s fifth-most populous country.
TABOO Staying quiet
- Not understood by the Indian healthcare system.
- Lack of knowledge of scientific evidence along with the gross unpreparedness of the public health system
- Public discussion of topics of a sexual nature are widely considered as taboo
- Barrier to delivery of adequate and effective sexual education to Indian adolescents.
- Sex education at school level has attracted strong objections and apprehension.