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THE HISTORY OF CANADIAN IMMIGRATION

Marwa Eljerbi

1860

2000

1950

1900

Immigration act 1869

Immigration act

• It was Canada’s first immigration policy following Confederation

• Was created to ensure the safety of immigrants during their passage to Canada

• Created by PM Jhon A. MacDonald

• He hoped it would encourage settlements of the west

• It didn’t go as planned as emigration rates were higher

  • It was made to control the flow of immigrants to Canada

The act

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immigrants on Boat

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Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration, 1885

Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration

• Created to “prove the necessity of regulating Chinese immigration to Canada”.

• Immigrants came to work on the CPR

• Head tax was implemented in 1885

• First law to exclude immigrants based on ethnic background

• Head tax went from $50 in the beginning to $500 by 1903

Chinese Head tax certificates

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Immigration Act, 1906 and 1910

• More restrictions

• the government could prohibit any immigrants when it was considered “necessary or expedient”.

• Gentlemen’s agreement: Limited Japanese immigration to Canada to 400 per year

• continuous journey regulation: Immigrants had to directly fly from their native country to Canada

• immigration act 1910: any immigrants that were [“unsuited to the climate or requirements of Canada” were prohibited, as were those sponsored by charitable institutions]

Sikh immigrants arriving in Vancouver Canada

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Railway Agreement, 1925

Railway Agreement

• The Canadian government allowed the CPR and CNR to control “the recruitment and settlement of European agriculturalists”

• The goal was to get more people to fill in spots for the growing labor needs

• Was canceled in 1930 due to an increase in unemployment rates

• “The government implemented the tightest immigration admissions policy in Canadian history.” – 1931

• After the great depression

The Railway act

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people on the train

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Post-WWII Japanese policies 1940’s

Post-WWII Japanese policies

• The Canadian government displaced over 90% of Japanese Canadians in 1942

• They were detained under the War measures act and were held for the rest of WWII

• They were caged up in Hastings Park

• After the war they were told to either go back to Japan or live in the Rocky Mountains

• The PM was Mackenzie king at the time

Japanese Canadian internment camp and displaced Japanese Canadians

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Canadian Citizenship Act, 1947

Canadian Citizenship Act,

• Allowed residents of Canada to obtain citizenship regardless of background or place of birth

• Outlined the criteria for obtaining citizenship, as well as how it could be revoked.

• Before, people who lived in Canada were seen as British subjects

• immigration regulations 1962: “eliminated overt racial discrimination from Canadian immigration policy”

Canadian citizenship stamp and the 1st citizenship ever

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Hungarian refugees 1956

Hungarian refugees

• Canada received more than 37,500 refugees who fled Hungary

• They worked quickly to select, transport, and resettle people through non-profit organizations

• Set a path for future immigrants to Canada

• They settled across Canada, in mostly urban centers

• Canada's actions gained it respect from many people

Immigration interpreter aids Hungarian refugee and refugees arriving in Winnipeg

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White Paper on Immigration, 1966

White Paper on Immigration

• a policy document created by the government to help Canada get qualified immigrants to reduce the number of inexperienced laborers.

• 1967: Canada tightens regulations and makes knowing one language (French or English) a must

• 1971: “Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau announced multiculturalism as an official government policy.”

Important people disscusing the act

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Immigration Act, 1976

Immigration Act, 1976

• First immigration act to: “clearly outline the objectives of Canadian immigration policy”

• It also recognized refugees as a “class” of immigrants

• It was supported by many

• Canadian Multiculturalism Act, 1988: Made to “protect the cultural heritage of all Canadians, reduce discrimination and encourage the implementation of the multicultural program”

Dutch immigrants arriving in Quebec and immigration staff

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Lebanese Special Measures 1976

Lebanese Special Measures

• Civil war in Lebanon started this issue

• Thousands of Lebanese people were displaced

• Canada opened up its arms to any refugees that couldn't stay in Lebanon

• Over 11,000 refugees came to Canada

• Because of this Canada and Lebanon have very strong ties with each other

  • Canada was very lenient with restrictions against Lebanese refugees

Lebanon during the war

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Citations

citations

  • The lesson
  • The canadian encyclopedia:
  • encyclopedia, canadian. “Japanese Canadian Internment: Prisoners in Their Own Country.” The Canadian Encyclopedia, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/japanese-internment-banished-and-beyond-tears-feature.
  • https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-white-paper-1969
  • https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/immigration-policy
  • https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/chinese-head-tax-in-canada
  • CBC
  • https://www.cbc.ca/archives/the-day-a-pm-was-handed-the-1st-canadian-citizenship-certificate-1.4954557

  • https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpostagestampguide.com%2Fstamps%2F15611%2Fcitizen-1947-canada-postage-stamp&psig=AOvVaw3MwiHLJEY0j_YbKzDNk3bI&ust=1647970993599000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjhxqFwoTCPDcgL7g1_YCFQAAAAAdAAAAAB
  • https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=12575&i=76981
  • https://www.immigration.ca/lebanon-explosions-special-canada-immigration-measures-introduced
  • https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Flibnanews.com%2Fen%2Flebanon-civil-war-a-day-in-hell-april-13-1975%2F&psig=AOvVaw0em7zl5Bcsg6VxLtFuIJvq&ust=1647974078062000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjhxqFwoTCNDqxf7r1_YCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAK
  • Archive package

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