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rainbows formation
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HOW ARE RAINBOWS FORMED?
WELCOME TO
REFRACTION
HOW IS A RAINBOW FORMED?
RAINBOWS
- A rainbow is an arc or a circle of 7 colours.
- Although rainbows seem to be a product of some magic, they are actually formed through the scientific phenomena of reflection, refraction and dispersion.
FORMATION
REFLECTION
SOME IMPORTANT TERMS
SCIENCE
Reflection is the phenomenon of bouncing back of light energy after it strikes a surface. When light rays bounce off of a surface and enter our eyes, it makes the object visible to us.
REFRACTION
REFLECTION
- Refraction refers to the change in direction of a light wave when it enters a different medium
- For example, if light was travelling in air and then enters water, refraction will occur
- This bending of light takes place due to change in the speed of light in different mediums
- The speed of light slows down in water, thereby causing a shift in its direction.
MEDIUM
DISPERSION
BENDING
- Dispersion of light refers to the splitting of white light into its different components
- Dispersion of light takes place when all the different light rays of different colours bend at different angles.
- All the constituent components of white light have different wavelength therefore when they pass through a refractive medium, they all bend at different angles
LIGHT
RAINBOW FORMATION
DISPERSION
These same phenomena come in play in the sky to form a rainbow. After rain, water droplets are suspended in the sky. These water droplets act as mini-prisms. Sunlight enters these water droplets and refracts.
- When white light refracts, the 7 colours bend at different angles, making the constituent colours visible to us
- After refracting, all these waves internally reflect and after striking the opposite side of the droplet, they then make their way out and refract out of the droplet
WHY TWO RAINBOWS ARE FORMED?
The dispersed light waves reflect twice inside the drop before heading to us, which is why the second rainbow is dimmer as the light becomes dimmer on each reflection
RAINBOWS
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