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The Battle of Cold Harbor

May 31st, 1864

Chase Huber

Timeline Of Cold Harbor

May 31st-June 12, 1864

Operations at Cold Harbor start to arise and plans are starting to be structured by each side.

June 7th-June 24th 1864

May 24th, 1864

Timeline

The Ninth Army Corps get assigned to the Army of the Potomac.

The Trevilian Raid occurs which wipes out many people along with the Newark Battle.

Fights in Haw's Shop and a fight at Via's House that are some of the first battles of Cold Harbor.

June 3rd, 1864

Maj Gen JubalA Early, C S Army, assigned to command of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia.

The Battle of Cold Hrabor ended on June 12th, 1864 with a Confederate victory.

May 29th, 1864

June 12th, 1864

Leaders of the Battle of Cold Harbor

Leaders

Robert E. Lee

Confederate

Leader

Robert E. Lee was the leader of the Confederate Army during most of the Civil War, but most significantly in the Battle Of Cold Harbor. Robert was very determined and was known for his aggresive war strategy and and very good military credentials. Although his greatness in army leading, he was forced to surrender the Civil War on Aprl 9th, 1865, leading to Union victory.

Robert E. Lee

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States during the Civil War. He was a key part of the Union victory in the war which ended slavery in the United States and freed many people.

Union leader

Abraham Lincoln

Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses took charge of the Union for Abraham Lincoln on March 9th, 1864. Before that, he led the Union victories of the battles of Shiloh and Fort Donelson. Grant was known for his exclellent leadership and strategy during war.

Ulysses S. Grant

Map of the battle field of Cold Harbor.

Troop Position/Physical Features

This map shows the overall area of where the battles within cold harbor took place.

Union Movement

As we can see, the Union had very good movement because of their leader, Ulysses S. Grant. They were stationed just West of Devens, Ricketts, and Russel. Eventually, they advanced further West right at the Conferderates who were stationed across from the Union.

Troop Movement

Confederacy Movement

As we can see from this map, the Conferderate Army didn't make much advancments. They are known for their amazing defense which would explain this. They had the advantage of width over the Union, but the Union had more depth in their structure. But it didn't matter as the Confederates held the Union back and still won the battle.

Important Landmarks

-Bethesda Church

Bethesda Church was in the middle of the battle field and was one of the bloodiest areas in the war.

-Old Cold Harbor

Important

Landmarks

Old Cold Harbor held Confederates and their main defensive spot throughout the war. This spot helped the Confederates hold off many attacks from the Union on this spot.

-New Cold Harbor

New Cold Harbor was also heavily relied on by the Confederates and held another defensive standpoint for the Confederates. It was basically just crossroads and taverns similar to Old Cold Harbor.

Why Was It fought?

Cold Harbor was one of the last battles of the Civil War and it was part of an Overland Campaign which was battles between both leaders on each side of the war. Since it was one of the last battles, it was very bloody and had a huge impact outcome of the Civil War even thouigh the Union still won the Civil Warthough they lost Cold Harbor.

Who Fired The First Shots?

The Union fired the firstshots of Cold Harbor on May 31st, 1864. They fired at Confederate positions but were quicky backed down and had over 7,000 casualties in less than an hour in which they later withdrew on June 12th 1864.

Main Objectives

The Goal Of Cold Harbor For The Union

The Goal for the Union in Cold Harbor was to try and capture Richmond, the capital of Virginia. Ulysses S. Grant hoped to overwhelm the Confederates with his abundacy of resources compared to the little amount that the Confederates had.

Effect on Civil War

Cold Harbor was a major morale boost for the confederates because they destroyed the Union. All of the casualties from the Union made the Union decrease in many important mental and physcal things for the Union. But it didn't matter because the Union still won the Civil War.

Eyewitness Account

From Major General Horatio G. Wright

Eyewitness

accounts

"Barlow was driven out with heavy loss, and succeeded in getting off only about 300 of the prisoners he took. Like good soldiers, however, his men stopped and turned about, close to the works, and there entrenched themselves. At six we got notice that [Brigadier General David] Russell's division could not carry the line in their front. [Brigadier General James] Ricketts, however, on the right of the 6th Corps, got their first line, and so did the 18th Corps on his right; but the 18th people were forced back, and this left Ricketts a good deal exposed to enfilade; but he held on. A singular thing about the whole attack, and one that demonstrated the staunchness of the troops, was, that our men, when the fire was too hot for them to advance and the works too strong, did not retreat as soldiers often do, but lay down where some small ridge offered a little cover, and there staid, at a distance from the enemy varying from forty to perhaps 250 yards. When it was found that the lines could not be carried, General [George G.] Meade issued orders to hold the advanced position, all along, and to trench. The main fight lasted, I suppose, some three hours, but there was sharp skirmishing and artillery firing the whole day. The Rebels threw canister in large quantities, doing much damage...."

Sources

“Cold Harbor.” American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/cold-harbor. Accessed 18 May 2023.

“Eyewitness to Cold Harbor.” Eyewitness to Cold Harbor | In the First Person | Civil War Monitor, www.civilwarmonitor.com/blog/eyewitness-to-cold-harbor. Accessed 18 May 2023.

Sources

“Battles of Cold Harbor.” History.Com, 21 Aug. 2018, www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battles-of-cold-harbor.

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