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RICARDO ZONA PÁEZ
20162165289
Colombia declared independence from Spain
July, 20
1819
Jan 17, Simon Bolivar the “liberator" proclaimed Colombia a republic.
Decisive battle where the Gran Colombia was formed joining Ecuator, Colombia and Venezuela
The Republic of Gran Colombia fell apart due to political rivalries in 1828.
Conservator and Liberal parties were founded starting the political disruptions and disagreements
Liberal Party rule sees country divided into nine largely autonomous entities and the church separated from the state.
Conservatives claim the rule during which power is recentralised and church influence restored.
Rafael Nunez as one of the main faces of the conservative party in 1878
Probably one of the darkest chapters in Colombia's history
About 120,000 of Colombia's four million people perished in the conflict, mostly from disease. Colombia had been plunged into bankruptcy and subsequent civil war in 1899
The separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903, with the establishment of the Republic of Panama.
Treatment failure
Hay-Herrán treatment wasn't ratified, causing US to support the movement in Panama, which led to the independence and the construction of the canal.
The construction took place between 1903 and 1914
Colombia starts improving economy and becoming independent. The newly formed Antioquean Syndicate became one of the most important across the country
Was a massacre of United Fruit Company workers that occurred between December 5 and 6, 1928 in the town of Ciénaga near Santa Marta, Colombia. The strike began on November 12, 1928
The Banana Massacre was one of the principal causes of the Bogotazo, and the subsequent era of violence known as La Violencia. Also the hiring and payment for paramilitaries.
Bogotazo, Assassination of presidential candidate Jorge Eliecer Gaitan ignites riots in Bogota.
Escalated a period of violence which had begun eighteen years before, in 1930, and was triggered by the fall of the conservative party from government and the rise of the liberals.
Gaitán referred to the difference between the "political country" and the "national country". Accordingly, the "political country" was controlled by the interests of the oligarchy and its internal struggles, therefore it did not properly respond to the real demands of the "national country"
That is, the country made up of citizens in need of better socioeconomic conditions and greater sociopolitical freedom.
1948-1958
This period in Colombia is known as “La Violencia." Over 200,000 people were killed in massacres by the 2 rival parties, the Conservatives and the Liberals.
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla led a peaceful coup d’état conceived by Conservative and Liberal parties to reestablish peace and political order in the nation.
Dictator until 1957
Civilian rule was restored after moderate Conservatives and Liberals, with the support of dissident sectors of the military, agreed to unite under a bipartisan coalition known as the National Front and the government of Alberto Lleras Camargo and which included a system of alternating the president and power-sharing both in cabinets and public offices.
This closes one of the chapters of violence in Colombia's history, ending in 1958 with the killing of insurrectors
Rise of Guerilla movements
Leftist National Liberation Army (ELN) and Maoist People's Liberation Army (EPL) founded
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Farc, the current largest guerrilla grouping) set up.
In 1961, a guerrilla leader and long-time PCC organizer named Manuel Marulanda Vélez declared an independent "Republic of Marquetalia". The Lleras government attempted unsuccessfully to attack the communities to drive out the guerrillas, due to fears that "a Cuban-style revolutionary situation might develop". After the failed attacks, several army outposts were set up in the area.
The M-19 traced its origins to the allegedly fraudulent presidential elections of 19 April 1970. In those elections, the National Popular Alliance (ANAPO) of former military dictator Gustavo Rojas Pinilla was denied an electoral victory
The National Front ends, and newly elected President Alfonso López Michelsen launches the first major counterinsurgency against all three main guerrilla groups.
President Belisario Betancur (Conservative) grants guerrillas amnesty and frees political prisoners.
Campaign against drug traffickers stepped up following assassination of justice minister.
Drugs war
Nov 6, Some 35 leftist M-19 rebels took over Colombia’s Palace of Justice. A military raid to liberate hostages held by M-19 guerrillas at the Supreme Court followed and cost more than 100 lives, including 11 Supreme Court justices and all 30 guerrillas.
In 1976, Escobar founded the Medellín Cartel, which distributed powder cocaine, and established the first smuggling routes into the U.S. Escobar's infiltration into the U.S. created exponential demand for cocaine.
Chaos and panic was brought across the country, corruption and fear took over.
1989
Aug 18, In Colombia, leading presidential hopeful Luis Carlos Galan was assassinated outside Bogota; the Medellin drug cartel was strongly suspected.
Aug 21, Colombian soldiers and police raided the estates of drug lords as part of a crackdown that followed the shooting death of a presidential candidate.
Total war starts until 1991
Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar number 1 man in drug trafficking, was shot to death by the Colombian army in Medellín
Death of Pablo just ended an era and started a new one where new Cartels emerged, but demonstrated authority and law enforcement.
Beginning of peace talks
Andres Pastrana Arango - a Conservative - elected president, begins peace talks with guerrillas.
Independent candidate Alvaro Uribe wins a first-round presidential election victory, promises to crack down hard on rebel groups.
War ending with the death of Farc's leader and founder Manuel Marulanda
2010 August - Juan Manuel Santos takes over as president, having won easy victory in run-off election in June. He responds to a Farc offer of talks by insisting that the rebel group must first release all the hostages it still holds.
2016 September - The government and Farc sign a historic peace accord that formally brings to an end 52 years of armed conflict.
Socio - Economic crysis starting to increase due to spreading and bad decisions in regards health conditions.
Peace deal got interrupted due to breach of conditions