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Stages and Phases of Labor
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Stages and Phases of Labor
Mackenzie Hubbard
Chloe McIntosh
Stage One
Mayo Clinic:
Early and Active labor
Early Labor: Irregular, mild contractions, cervical dilation and effacement, loss of mucus plug. Unpredictible and may take from hours to days.
Active Labor: Cervical dilation from 6 to 10cm, stronger more regular contractions, typically lasts 4-8 hours. Final stage of active labor- transition- is when contractions come close together and last 60-90 seconds. This is when most people begin to feel the urge to push. Typically takes 15-60 minutes.
Stage 1
Stage One
Stage one is divided into three phases: latent phase, active phase, and transition.
Latent: 0-3cm dilated. Irregular, mild to moderate contractions 5-30 min apart. Typically lasts 4-6 hrs. Talkative and eager emotions.
Active: 4-7cm dilated. Increasingly regular, moderate to strong contractions 3-5 min apart. Typically lasts 2-3 hrs. Feelings of helplessness and anxiety.
Transition: 8-10cm dilated. Strong to very strong contractions 2-3 min apart. Urge to push initiates. Feelings of irritability, loss of control, "I can't do this."
Stage One:
ATI
Key Terms
Dilation: opening of the cervix, up to 10 cm
Effacement: thinning and stretching of cervical opening
Mucus Plug: collection of mucus in opening of cervix that forms early in pregnancy to protect fetus from infection
Key Terms
Stage 2
Mayo Clinic:
"It's time to push!" The baby is being delivered in stage 2. A variety of positions may be tried for comfort, lithotomy position is common.
Stage 2
ATI:
Full dilation to 10cm, pushing results in birth of fetus. Typically lasts from 5 minutes to 2 hours, primarily dependent on prima vs multi gravida
Images of Birth
Stage 3
Stage 3 is only mentioned in ATI, which separates full dilation and pushing from actual delivery of the neonate. This also includes the inital placental separation and expulsion.
Stage 3
Subtopic 3
Stage 4
Mayo Clinic: Technically the third stage according to the Mayo Clinic, this is the stage where the placenta is expelled. Typically lasts 30min-1hour. Provider may massage abdomen to encourage uterine contraction. Mother may maintain skin-to-skin contact with infant during this stage.
ATI: Deliver of placenta, maternal stabelization of vital signs. Lochia scant to moderate rubra.
Stage 4
What is lochia/rubra?
References
Staff, M. C. (n.d.). Stages of labor and birth: Baby, it's time! Mayo Clinic. Retrieved September 8, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/stages-of-labor/art-20046545