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SUBALTERN PERSPECTIVE - GUHA
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Transcript
SUBALTERN PERSPECTIVE
- Ranajit Guha
Presented by
Divyani Khaitan
INTRODUCTION
subaltern : "of inferior rank"
introduction
- used by Guha as a name for general attribute of subordination in South Asian Society
- binary relation : subordination (subaltern group) vs dominance
HISTORIOGRAPHY OF COLONIAL INDIA
HISTORIOGRAPHY
- history of indian nationalism dominated by elitism-colonialist and bourgeois nationalists
- by british writers and institutions
- they share the prejudice that development of conscious-nationalism was elite achievement
- native elites involved not for the general good of the nation but simply expectation of rewards
- fails to acknowledge the contribution made by people on their own
- narrow and partial view of politics
- subaltern not powerful enough, not sufficiently mature, no consciousness as a class-for-itself
SUBALTERN STUDIES
SUBALTERN STUDIES
- Guha said that "politics of the people" had been neglected
- freedom movement history was "un-historical" "blinkered"
- subaltern condition could be based on caste, age, gender, including class but not limited to it.
- necessary for a historian to understand the heterogeneity and ambiguity within the society.
- dissatisfied with unreflexive, techno-economic determinism of Marxian orthodoxy
- need to rethink class based analysis
- plurality of theories and methodology was central to subaltern studies
- wanted to write "history from below"
DAVID HARDIMAN
- class analysis of agrarian society : kheda dist
- middle peasants :subaltern class
- but not all of them became nationalists, only some that belonged to a particular caste as caste and kinship ties were also important
- integrative subaltern history : alternative to class or caste analysis
GUHA
- relation between working class and subaltern politics
- working class still not sufficiently mature
- their politics was "fragmented, sectional, local" to develop into a movement
- later focused on existence of womens domain - "hearing small voices of history"
- proposed turning to oral traditions
- need for "defiant subalternity writing its own history"
GUHA
other subalternists
- SPIVOK : position of subaltern women and developing the "new subaltern"
- EDWARD SAID : subaltern no longer South Asian Historiography but "vigorous post-colonial critique"
- subaltern studies + post colonial studies = post colonial scholars self consciousness in writing of historical discourses
- India introduced late to capitalism and hence could never live up to universal category. need to understand heterogeneity and historical differences
- Indias past was not a European past
- later subalternists : analysis of gender; impact of 21st century forms of imperialism and globalization on subaltern classes.
- ILLAIH : political and cultural concerns of dalits; urged them to write their own history; "Dalitbahujan Alternative"
others
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
- a critical theory of subalternity : rethinking class in Indian historiography by Vianyak Chaturvedi
- Subaltern Studies I : Ranajit Guha
- fiasko-magazin.ch
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