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Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the king of Iran from 1941-1979, used manipulation and fear to control his people, and attempted to rid Iran of their Muslim traditions, leading to political issues in Iran.
Khomeini
Leadership
Journalists, intellectuals, lawyers, and political activists dislikes how much power Shah had over his people, and his attempts to modernize Iran. Some begin to protest, such as Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who believed Iran should continue as a religious state.
Many citizens supported Khomeini's beliefs, but the Shah attempted to shut his spread of ideology down. Many angered citizens protested the defamation of Khomeini, shouting, "Independence, Freedom, and Islamic Republic" and as a result, the security forces killed and imprisoned multiple protesters.
On September 8th, 1978, Shah declared martial law, and security forces fired at large protests in Tehran's Jaleh Square. At least 100 died, and the event became known as "Black Friday", a trademark for the revolution.
The protest just before the government opened fire on the crowd.
Map
In an attempt to rid Khomeini of his power, Shah deports him to France, but Khomeini still benefits from greater media access. As a result of Khomeini's revolts, the efforts to broker a national unity government collapse, and the Shah promises to not repeat his past mistakes. Yet, millions of Iranians protest all over the country, demanding the return of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and the removal of Shah.
Protest
A citizen protests for the removal of the Shah
The Shah flees for Egypt, so Khomeini returns back to Iran. Iranians decide they want Iran to become an Islamic Republic, meaning Iran rules under Islamic law. An Assembly of Experts is voted on to finalize the constitution, and Khomeini is enshrined ultimate authority as a religious leader.
As leader, Ruhollah Khomeini put an end to the 2,500 year old Persian Monarchy and introduced the Islamic Republic, which is still Iran's form of government to this day. The Islamic republic is based on religious law, forming from the Islamic tradition. Khomeini spent the rest of his life as king, and died on June 3rd, 1989.