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Their beaks are mostly used to peck their pray and swallow it whole. They do not have teeth to chew their food.
The esophagus is a muscular tube in their throat which guides the food they eat from the beak (mouth) to crop.
Crop is the oval sac-like structure between the esophagus and proventriculus. It stores and softens food from saliva secretions.
It’s has a purplish color and is located between the proventriculus and the small intestine.
The food is crushed and mixed with digestive juices by muscular contractions. It contains grit and gravel to assist in crushing down the food particles.
The proventriculus is the true stomach where gastric acids and enzymes aid in the digestive process.
The liver releases digestive juices into the small intestines to aid in digestion.
The gizzard is the hind part of the stomach, it is modified for grinding food.
It is located between the crop and the small intestines. It has a thick muscular wall and may contain small stones or gastroliths that function in the breakdown of their foods.
The small intestine is a long coiled tube that is separated into tree parts, the duodenum, the jejiunum and the ileum.
The chyme is mixed with bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice.
Intestinal juice is secreted by the intestinal wall and contains enzymes that break down proteins and sugars. The primary site of nutrient absorption is by the villi.
The cloaca is an enlarged part of the digestive tract and is located just before the vent.
The digestive and reproductive tracts combine together and prepare for excretion of waste or eggs.
Unlike other animals, birds have two ceca’s. “Blind” pouches are located between the small intestines and the large intestines.
It contains soft and undigested food.
The large intestine is a tube-like structure, larger in diameter when compared to the small intestines and it is filled with digested food.
It absorbs water and adds mucus to the undigested food to form feces.
The vent is an external opening and the end of the digestive , urinary and reproductive systems.
The females excretes feces (solid) and urine (liquid) waste and lays eggs.