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The Tudor

Dinasty

The House of Tudor was a dynasty of largely Welsh and English origin that held the English throne from 1485 to 1603.

1400

The Tudor name itself was established by Owen Tudor.He was born around 1400. He was the second husband of Catherine of Valois. Catherine had been married to Henry V, King of England, but he died. Catherine and Owen married.

Together they had three sons.

Edmund: born around 1430. He married Margaret Beaufort.Three months after Edmund’s death, Margaret gave birth to their son, Henry.

He would later become Henry VII, King of England and founder of the Tudor dynasty.

Henry VII

Henry VII was born on 28 January 1457 at Pembroke Castle to Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beaufort.Henry married Elizabeth of York on 18 January 1486.Henry and Elizabeth had several children.

Arthur, Prince of Wales (1486-1502): he was heir to the throne.

Henry, Duke of York (1491-1547): he eventually became King Henry VIII.

Margaret (1489-1541): she married King James IV of Scotland.

Mary (1496-1533): she married King Louis XII of France.

But only four survived infancy:

Henry VIII

Henry VIII was born on 28 June 1491 as the second son to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Henry was never supposed to be king but became one nonetheless after his older brother, and heir to the throne, Arthur died on 2 April 1502.

Katherine of Aragon: divorced.

Anne Boleyn: beheaded.

Jane Seymour: died from childbirth.

Anne of Cleves: divorced.

Catherine Howard: beheaded.

Catherine Parr: outlived him.

Henry married six times but some of these marriages did not end favourably:

Henry three legitimate children

On 3 November 1534, Henry declared himself Supreme Head of the Church of England so he could divorce Katherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn.

Henry VIII suffered from chronic wounds which caused chronic pain. In July 1543, Henry signed the Third Succession Act restoring his daughters Mary and Elizabeth to the throne after his son Edward.

Henry VII died on 21 April 1509.

Henry had three legitimate children:

Mary: born to Henry and Katherine of Aragon. Mary became illegitimate after Henry’s divorce from Katherine.

Elizabeth: born to Henry and Anne Boleyn. She became illegitimate after the execution of Anne.

Edward: born to Henry and Jane Seymour.

Edwar VI

After his father’s death on 28 January 1547, Edward became Edward VI, King of England and Ireland. He was just nine years old.Edward was the first monarch of England raised as a Protestant.

When he fell ill in 1553 he feared that the country would go back to Catholicism under the rule of his half-sister Mary. That is why he wrote a new will, replacing his father's where he gave the throne to his cousin Lady Jane Grey.

Lady Jane Grey:

Jane was the granddaughter of Henry VIII’s sister, Mary Tudor. Edward VI chose Jane as his successor because she too was Protestant. Jane became Queen on 10 July 1553, even though she never wanted to be queen. On 19 July 1553, Suffolk persuaded his daughter to relinquish the throne in favour of Mary I, which she did. Her nine-day reign gave her the nickname the ‘Nine Days Queen’.

However, both she and her husband were accused of rebellion and sentenced to death. They were beheaded on 12 February 1554. Jane was just 16 years old.

Edward died on 6 July 1553, aged 15. Due to his young age, he wasn't married and didn't have any children. Therefore, with Edward’s death, the direct male line of the House of Tudor ended.

Mary I

On 1 October 1553, Mary was officially crowned making her Mary I, Queen of England Ireland. Her immediate action was to restore England back to Catholicism. This led to bloodshed and executions, earning her the nickname 'Bloody Mary'.

Mary died on 17 November 1558 aged 52.

Now, her half-sister Elizabeth was the next in line to the throne.

ElizabethI

During Mary I’s reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned for almost a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.

On 17 November 1558, Elizabeth became Elizabeth I, Queen of England and Ireland. Elizabeth’s 44-year reign became known as the ‘Golden Age of Britain’, also known as the Elizabethan Era. This Golden Age earned her the nicknames ‘Gloriana’ and ‘Good Queen Bess’. She also became known as the ‘Virgin Queen’ because she was never married.

Elizabeth died on 24 March 1603, leaving behind no heir nor instructions on who would succeed her.

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