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3% NaCl Saline

Presented by SPC Broida

Generic/Trade Name:

Hypertonic Saline

3% NaCl Saline is classified as a crystalloid and is used for hyponatremia and increased ICP.

What is 3% NaCl Saline

How is 3% NaCl Saline Metabolized and Excreted?

The body absorbs the solution into the extracellular space

Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics

The body excretes the solution mainly through the urine, but also through sweat and feces.

Dosage

For Emergent ICP: 250 mL or 500 mL full bolus over 20 minutes

How to give 3% NaCl

The dosage for continual use is based on the patient's age, weight, indication for use, and other factors. The maximum dose will be 150 mL/hr.

Onset

Rapid onset of minutes to hours

Route

How is it Administered

By I.V.

Indications and Contraindications

Indications:

  • Acute and symptomatic hyponatremia
  • Increased ICP

Reactions and Warnings

Contraindications:

  • Hypersensitivity
  • Patient's using corticosteroids and Lithium

Side

Effects

Side Effects

  • Fever
  • Infection at the injection site
  • Redness/red streaking at the injection site

Precautions

Precautions/Warnings

  • Use caution when giving to patients with CHF and renal insufficiency due to the increase in sodium and water being added to the body.

Box Warning

Box Warning

  • 3% NaCl Saline is strongly hypertonic and may cause vein damage. It should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency, and in those with edema through sodium retention.

Pregnancy and MWD's

Pregnancy and Military Working Dogs

Pregnancy and Breast Feeding

The risks and benefits should be weighed before use and only in life threatening situations

Military Working Dogs

3% NaCl Saline can be given to dogs at the dose of 4 mL/kg to 7 mL/kg over 10 minutes to treat for shock

Resources

  • https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=51da05ce-e3c4-4ef5-a845-dc869152e17f&type=display
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542194/
  • http://www.surgicalcriticalcare.net/Guidelines/Hypertonic%20Saline%202020.pdf
  • https://www.rxlist.com/hypertonic-saline-drug.htm#:~:text=WARNINGS%203%25%20and%205%25%20Sodium%20Chloride%20Injection%2C%20USP,in%20which%20there%20exists%20edema%20with%20sodium%20retention.
  • https://www.rxlist.com/hypertonic-saline-side-effects-drug-center.htm
  • https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Sodium-Chloride-sodium-chloride-24245
  • https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/resuscitative-fluid-therapy-for-circulatory-shock/

Resources

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