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black codes
13th, 14, and 15th amendments
Background
The end of the Civil War marked the end of slavery for 4 million black Southerns.
Seeking to control the freedmen, devised special state law codes.
For some people the Black Codes looks like an attempt to restore slavery.
The end of the Civil War marked the end of slavery for 4 million black Southerns
Seeking to control the freedmen (former slaves), devised special state law codes.
For some people looks like a flagrant blatant attempt to restore slavery
Andrew Jonhson new president has a new plan for Reconstruction
Immediately after the Civil War ended, Southern states enacted "black codes" that allowed African Americans certain rights, such as legalized marriage, ownership of property, and limited access to the courts, but denied them the rights to testify against whites, to serve on juries or in state militias, vote, or start a job without the approval of the previous employer. These codes were all repealed in 1866 when Reconstruction began.
The freedmen’s bureau
The Freedmen's Bureau, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War.
When Andrew Jonhson became president in 1865-1866, new southern state legislatures passed restrictive “black codes” to control the labor and behavior of former slaves and other African Americans. The black codes were created in order to restrict African Americans' freedom, and to compel them to work for low wages. During Radical Reconstruction, which began in 1867, newly enfranchised blacks gained a voice in government for the first time in American history, winning election to southern state legislatures and even to the U.S. Congress. In less than a decade, however, reactionary forces–including the Ku Klux Klan–would reverse the changes wrought by Radical Reconstruction in a violent backlash that restored white supremacy in the South.
The Radical Republicans were a faction of American politicians within the Republican Party of the United States from around 1854 (before the American Civil War) until the end of Reconstruction in 1877. Radicals led efforts after the war to establish civil rights for former slaves and fully implement emancipation.
14th amendment
ratified on July 9, 1868. And declared everyone born in america, american citizens
* gave equal rights
* caused Jim Crow laws( literacy test,poll tax, and "white primary") for african american voting
* was not effective until the civil rights movement came about
*Abolished slavery
* The most effective reconstruction amendment
* passed on December 6th, 1865