monogastric system

Mouth

mouth

Definition:

Beginning of digestive tract includes teeth, tongue, and salivary glands Bites and masticates (chew) food to increase surface area of feed particles

Saliva in the mouth stimulates taste and softens and lubricates food.

Saliva also contains salivary amylase and maltase enzymes to help change some starch to maltose (malt sugar).

The tongue guides feed to the esophagus and can also aid in prehension for some species.

Esophagus

Muscular tube next to trachea

Guides bolus from mouth to the stomach with involuntary muscular waves or contractions (peristalsis)

Esophagus

Stomach

Stomach

A U-shaped sac connected to the esophagus

Enzymes and gastric juices are secreted to act on feed particles from concentrates.

Contains hydrochloric acid, which stops action of salivary amylase, adds pepsin to act on proteins, and adds gastric lipase to act on fats

Muscular walls help churn and squeeze feed, forcing liquids into the small intestine.

Acessory organ

the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder release digestive juices into the small intestines to aid in digestion.

Acessory organs

Small intestine

small intestine

Long coiled tube, divided into three sectionsthe duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.

Chyme is mixed with bile, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice.

Intestinal juice is secreted by the intestinal wall and contains enzymes that break down proteins and sugars.

rimary site of nutrient absorption by the villi.

cecum

blind pouch located between small and large intestines

. Much larger in hind-gut fermenters as it is used to digest roughages

Uses microbial action to break down roughages

Large intestine

Large intestine

Coiled tube shorter in length, but larger in diameter, than the small intestine; divided into the colon and rectum

Absorbs water and adds mucus to the undigested feed to form feces; some enzymatic and microbial digestion occurs on any remaining feed

Anus

end of digestive tract where waste is excreted

Anus

Pancreas

The pancreas produces enzymes to assist in food digestion and hormones such as insulin, which regulates blood sugar or glucose metabolism.

liver

Liver

It helps with digestion and blood clotting, and it removes toxins from their system. If it's not working right, it can make your doggy sick. But liver disease can often be treated and managed.

gall bladder

gallbladder

gallbladder plays an important role in the general process of digestion and metabolism. The gallbladder is associated with the liver, which aids your dog's metabolism and helps remove toxins from their body. The gallbladder assists the liver by storing its digestive juices, which are called bile.

info

Humans, swine, rabbits, chickens,dogs,cats and horses all have monogastric digestive systems.

Monogastric systems only have on stomach which make food easier to digest and faster.