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It is the process of a bilingual child or adolescent translating for their monolingual parents.
Why is it important?
-It is not know exactly how it affects executive functions in the brain, language acquisition, and identity.
-The mere amount of language brokers that exist today.
-Children’s self-concepts are definitely affected by language brokering.
-Language Brokering could increase language acquisition.
-Maturity
-Independence
-Increased trust between the parent and child
-Broadened cultural understanding
-Added stress and pressure
-Frustration
-Resentment
-Embarrassment
-Translating adult level vocab advanced acquisition of L1 and L2
-Language brokering helped children maintain their native language
-This support Krashen's hypothesis. More new comprehensible input helps language acquisition.
-Higher GPAs and test scores
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Language-Brokering-among-Latino-Immigrant-Families%3A-Anguiano/04e174d412671566024decd39eafc60313758a71
How does executing a higher level of adult-level decisions affect cognition?
The findings of this study suggest that the brokering experience may result in stronger feelings toward ethnic identity
To what extent?
-School Settings
-Banks
-Doctors appointments
-Housing documents
-Immigration papers
-Loans
-Community resources
-Stronger feelings of attachment
-A sense of belongingness to their home culture
-Those who viewed language brokering as a positive experience were show to have a stronger sense of ethnic identity.
-Does gender play a role in language brokering?
-Females showed significantly higher positive feelings of brokering compared to boys
Schools should conduct more sensitive and effective practices and policies for using children as language brokers.
-Many believed brokering improved their English and native language skills
-Many claimed their confidence was enhanced.
-Many claimed it empowered them in the school setting.
-There is greater risk of translation errors than with a professional translator
-The child may distort what is said
-An excessive time commitment may be required from the child
Language brokers were significantly more efficient at cognitive flexibility than both bilingual nonbrokers and monolinguals.
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/48624870951164906/
-Brokers are extremely different than bilingual nonbrokers.
-Brokers are required to use two language systems in the same context, requiring them to use more cognitive flexibility.
-Gender differences?
-How are the parents affects?
-The number of brokers and prevalence is growing
-There are many positives and negatives
-Language brokering may increase cognitive flexibilities
-Language brokers may have better academic performance
-Most studies are qualitative and have few participants
-Most studies have a higher number of woman than men. Why?
-Most studies included latino participants