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Throttling Valves and Pumps

Thank You!

Throttling Valves

How it Works

Throttling valves are any device that restrict flow. Some common examples would be adjustable valves, capillary tubes, and porous plugs. The pressure drop often happens with a drop in temperature as well.

How it Works!

Uses in Engineering!

Uses

Throttling valves are most common for refrigerators because the drop in pressure comes with a drop in temperature. They are also used in carburetors in small engines to control the amount of air that will mix with gas to control combustion.

Pumps

How it Works!

How it Works

Pumps are devices used to increase the pressure of a fluid. Work is supplied through an an external source through a rotating shaft and by this, the liquid is compressed to a higher pressure.

Uses in Engineering!

Uses

In power plants, pumps are used on ash slurry made with water. In chemical plants, pumps are used for corrosive fluids.

Similarities and Differences

Compare and Contrast

Throttling valves decrease pressure by restricting flow while pumps use work (through a rotating shaft) to increase pressure by increasing flow. Work and heat transfer are either negligible or zero for the throttling valve. They both have changes in potential energy and kinetic energy that are negligible.

Throttling Valve

First Law Analysis

Conservation of Energy

Assumptions: there is no work, no heat transfer, the change is velocity is negligible making change in kinetic energy negligible, the system is stationary so change in potential energy is negligible.

Conservation of Mass

In a Steady Flow Process, like a Throttling Valve, there will be no change in the mass.

Pump

First Law Analysis

Conservation of Energy

Assumptions: The system is stationary and so change in potential energy is negligible, and change in velocity is negligible, making change in kinetic energy negligible.

Conservation of Mass

In a Steady Flow Process like a Pump, there will be no change in the mass.

Sources

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