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Mayo's Theory
3
Elton Mayo's Theory
Rihem MANSOUR
Lina LAHMAR
Max GUETTA
Selma JIDDANE
Ghita SASSY
George Elton Mayo, an industrial sociologist and psychologist
WHO ?
He was born in Adelaide, Australia, on December 26, 1880 and died the 7th of Septembre 1949 in Guildford, Royaume-Uni
Studies
University of Queensland
University of Pennsylvania
University of Harvard
Studies
Ideas
According to Mayo, an understanding of social problems is as necessary as an understanding of material problems. This was a fundamental contribution at the beginning of the 20th century, when the efforts of science were concentrated in the development of the industry.
Experience
THEORY
In 1927, Mayo began a pioneering socioeconomic experiment in the field of industrial research. It consisted of subjecting the workers to a series of changes in their schedules, wages, breaks, lighting conditions and degrees of supervision.
Part II - Relay Assembly Test Room Study (1927-1929)
Social relationship among workers, participation in decision-making, etc. had a greater effect on productivity than working conditions.
The Hawthorne Effects
Part I - Illumination Experiments (1924-27)
different levels of illumination on productivity of labour
surprisingly the efficiency of labour increased in both the conditions.
Part III - Mass Interviewing Programme (1928-1930)
Productivity can be increased if workers are allowed to talk freely about matters that are important to them.
How exactly ?
During his investigations in Hawthorne, Mayo discovered what he would call the "Hawthorne Effect." This refers to the increase in the productivity of workers when they perceive that they are being studied.
Part IV - Bank Wiring Observation Room Experiment (1932)
The group established its own standards of output, and social pressure was used to achieve the standards of output.
WHY ?
His primary interest was to study, in the worker, the psychological effects that the physical conditions of work could produce in relation to production. He showed that there is no worker cooperation in projects, if they are not listened to or considered by his superiors, it is difficult and sometimes almost impossible to reach the set objectives.
Conclusions of Hawthorne Studies / Experiments:
CONCLUSION
1.-Work is a group activity.
2.-The social world of the adult is standardized in relation to her work activity.
3.-The society of recognition and security, and the feeling of belonging to something, are more important in determining the morale of the worker and his productivity, than the physical conditions in which he works.
4.-A claim is not necessarily the objective statement of facts; it is commonly a symptom of annoyance related to the status of the individual.
5.-The worker is a person whose attitudes and efficiency are conditioned by social demands, inside or outside the company.
6.-In the factory, informal groups exercise great social control over work habits and individual attitudes of the worker.
7.-The change from an established society to another adaptation tends to continually dismember the social organization of a factory or industry in general.
8.-Group collaboration does not happen by accident; it must be planned and developed. If this collaboration is achieved.
Criticism
of Hawthorne Studies
Anything else ?
1. Lacks Validity.
2. More Important to Human aspects.
3. More emphasize on Group Discussion making.
4. Over importance of freedom to workers.