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Isolationism
Isolationism
1937 - 94% of Americans wanted to stay out of a European War
FDR needed to combat isolationism to fight fascism
Charles Lindbergh - America First
How do you mobilize a nation for war?
Casablanca
Liberal democracy - no political obligation
The fight has to be for individual needs
Humphrey Bogart - "hard-boiled" - represents the American man - played similar character in The Maltese Falcon
Four Freedoms
Speech and expression
Four Freedoms
Worship
From want
From fear
"freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere"
New Deal for War
New Deal to War
Mobilize wartime economy
War Production Board - rationing, curbs on production of certain products
Office of Price Administration
War Labor Board - most strikes and radical labor activity ended
Propaganda
Role of obligation - women became "icons of male obligation"
Propaganda
Betty Grable vs. Rita Hayworth
“a symbol of the woman for whom American men-especially American working-class men-were fighting for"
OWI
Office of War Information
Led by liberal journalist Elmer Davis
BMP - Bureau of Motion Pictures - worked with Hollywood to make "Message Movies"
Hollywood compliant with OWI
Mission to Moscow - 1943 - purges were not that bad
Motion Picture Production Code
Hays Code - adopted 1930, enforced after 1934
The Code
Blatant propaganda - Little Tokyo, USA - 1942 - OWI encourages a more subtle approach
https://www.chaffey.edu/fac-handbook/b/pdf/2009Loomis.pdf
End of the Popular Front
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact - Aug. 1939 - neutrality agreement between Soviets and Nazis - secretly divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence
End of the Popular Front
Split communist and non-communist left
Film Noir
Rationing of electricity in Hollywood during WWII
Film Noir
Dark side of American character - anti-heroism
Femme Fatale
Themes
Anomie - loss of moral structure that can guide life, especially in American city
Themes
Fatalism - loss of control of our destiny
Entrapment - sense of people trapped in paranoia and fear
Pessimism - great deal of fear in American life despite positive views
Raymond Chandler
B. 1888, raised by single mother, father alcoholic, constantly moving
Marries older woman, works in the oil industry, has a drinking problems, lives on skid row
Raymond Chandler
Takes writing classes, writes for pulp magazines such as Black Mask
https://www.loa.org/writers/265-raymond-chandler
Films
Double Indemnity 1944
Films
The Blue Dahalia - 1946
The Postman Always Rings Twice - 1946
http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/295954/Blue-Dahlia-The-Movie-Clip-What-Happened-To-Malibu-.html
Double Indemnity
Male lead is an anti-hero
Fear of women growing more powerful at home
Double Indemnity
Conservative critique of the bored, single male