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Definition
Why are they important?
Why do we use reasoning in
ELA?
Why is it important?
The
End
By: Garrett Allums, Alyssa Lam, Kaylee Renna, and Agustin Andrade
What is Reasoning?
Reasoning is process of making a decision based on reasons that are presented to you.
Reasoning is important because it can be a factor in what decisions we make on a daily basis, from what restaurant we eat at, to what candidate we vote for in the presidential election.
Further
information provided here.
Inductive Reasoning:
The process of using patterns to reach a concluding statement.
Deductive Reasoning:
Uses definitions, facts, rules, or properties to reach a concluding statement.
Reasoning
We use reasoning daily when we are talking or arguing with other people. We may be trying to prove a point or try to get the other person to see their way of thinking. One example is when people are deciding where they want to go eat for dinner.
Further examples that we have used in class
We use reasoning in language arts to use in writing for our argumentative essays as evidence and elaboration. We can also use it to determine the different possible messages in a book. poem, or essay.
A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that often starts with a false assumption or mistaken beliefs
What are
Fallacies?
Circular reasoning: Repeating an idea rather than providing evidence
Either/or: A statement that suggests there are only two choices available in a situation that really offers more.
Over-generalization: A generalization that is too broad.
During the writing process, it is important to be able to identify logical fallacies for many reasons. If you can identify logical fallacies, you are able to use them to develop a strong counter argument. You must also be able to identify logical fallacies so that you can know whether evidence (reasoning) is true or not.
Arguments
Strong arguments have strong, compelling evidence that is convincing and is able to persuade the reader. Weak arguments do not have this kind of evidence, its evidence is insufficient and lacking reasoning. It's unconvincing and doesn't really have an effect on the reader.
There are many different fallacies ,not just the fallacies we listed previously on the "What are fallacies" bubble.
Fallacy Examples
The post hoc fallacy is a fallacy that goes as follows: If event B follows event A, then that means event B had been caused by event A.
Begging the claim is a fallacy which makes a "fact" out of a blatant assumption/opinion. (e.g. "The new iPhone is the best on the market!"
ex: The new iPhone is the new
Circular argument is where the author starts their argument with what they will end it with. The ending connects with the beginning, its like going in a circle (hence the name).
Ad hominen is a fallacy that is present when a person attacks someone who is advancing a statement or supporting an argument instead of disproving the truth.
Let's say that Agustin says that computers are a good tool in classrooms.
But before he says anything else I say that it is not true and computers are a bad tool. This is a fallacy because I do not provide any evidence and jump straight to disproving him.
Bandwagon appeal is when people assume that because something is better/the best since everyone else thinks that it is (herd behavior).
Red herring is an attempt to mislead or direct from the relevant topic.
Scare tactic is when someone or something uses fear to influence people's opinions and actions.
A fallacy in which there is a claim that isn't backed up by evidence in any way, shape, or form, usually generalizing a full group of people.
"All 6th graders are dumb and stupid!"
Traditional Wisdom is basically the statement of "This is right because we have always done it this way" it is where a statement is based of tradition instead of actual, proven, confirmed, facts.
Ignores a person's actual perspective and substitutes a distorted, misrepresented, or exaggerated version of that perspective.
Moral equivalence is when someone compares something to another, saying they are the same just because they have a minor similarity.
The idea that correlation implies causation, almost like the post hoc fallacy. Event B happened after Event A, so Event A caused Event B.
Manipulating an emotional response in place of a valid or captivating argument.
Issues are presented with only two outcomes available, and ignores other alternatives.
Thank You!