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22nd Amendment

Limiting the presidential term limits to two terms

Hale McGivern

Citation

Citations

Images

Twitter, 2021, twitter.com/backstoryradio/status/439107104276631552. Accessed 26 May 2021.

‌“Are There Holes in the Constitution? - Harvard Law Today.” Harvard Law Today, Harvard Law Today, 2018, today.law.harvard.edu/are-there-holes-in-the-constitution/. Accessed 26 May 2021.

‌“Repeal the 22nd Amendment.” The Jagged Word, 15 July 2014, thejaggedword.com/2014/07/15/repeal-the-22nd-amendment/. Accessed 26 May 2021.

‌Schulman, Marc. “1951 22nd Amendment Passed.” Historycentral.com, 2020, www.historycentral.com/postwar/22ndamend.html. Accessed 26 May 2021.

‌“Sutori.” Sutori.com, Sutori, 2021, www.sutori.com/story/22nd-amendment--xTwz4aqYBc1UajsueFEiFdTr. Accessed 26 May 2021.

‌“BARACK OBAMA and RONALD REAGAN: AMAZING SIMILARITIES.” Balladeer’s Blog, Balladeer’s Blog, 16 May 2014, glitternight.com/2014/05/16/barack-obama-and-ronald-reagan-amazing-similarities/. Accessed 26 May 2021.

Text

“The 22nd Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.” National Constitution Center – the 22nd Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, 2021, constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xxii. Accessed 17 May 2021.

“FDR’s Third-Term Election and the 22nd Amendment - National Constitution Center.” National Constitution Center – Constitutioncenter.org, 2020, constitutioncenter.org/blog/fdrs-third-term-decision-and-the-22nd-amendment. Accessed 17 May 2021.

“Interpretation: Twenty-Second Amendment | the National Constitution Center.” Constitutioncenter.org, 2011, constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/interpretation/amendment-xxii/interps/149. Accessed 25 May 2021.

“FDR’s Third-Term Election and the 22nd Amendment - National Constitution Center.” National Constitution Center – Constitutioncenter.org, 2020, constitutioncenter.org/blog/fdrs-third-term-decision-and-the-22nd-amendment. Accessed 2 June 2021.

“George Washington’s Mount Vernon.” George Washington’s Mount Vernon, Mount Vernon, 2021, www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-first-president/second-term-1793-1797/#:~:text=In%201796%2C%20as%20his%20second,presidency%20as%20a%20lifetime%20appointment.. Accessed 2 June 2021.

The 22nd Amendment

Lesson

No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this Article was proposed by Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.

​This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.

Translation of the 22nd Amendment

Translation

- A person can only be the president twice

- Or acting president

- Only applies if their terms were at least 2 years

- Doesn’t apply to this rule if you are in office when this amendment was written or when it was cancelled

- Can be defeated if...

- ¾ of the states want it dropped

- If it is defeated within 7 years of it going into the constitution

Image of the 22nd Amendment being signed into the constitution in 1951

Historical Context of the 22nd Amendment

History

- Passed March 21, 1947

- Ratified February 27, 1951

- Both past president ronald reagan and barack obama supported the idea and said they wouldn’t run for 3rd terms

- Many founding fathers supported lifelong presidential term

- Including Madison and Hamilton

- Failed 6 to 4 votes

- People wanted presidential terms to stop people from being president their whole lives because it would become similar to a monarchy and they had just gained freedom from the british monarchy

News article from when the 22nd Amendment was ratified

Ripple Effects in the 22nd Amendment

Ripple Effects

- During WWII Roosevelt ran and was elected twice more after his second term

- he did this because WWII was coming so he didn't think the country could handle a change in government

- Both Past Presidents Ronald Reagan and Barack Obama supported the idea and said they wouldn’t run for 3rd terms and eliminate the 22nd Amendment

- Without the 22nd Amendment chances are we would have a partially corrupt government that would rarely change, much like monarchies.

- George Washington wouldn't run for a third term which created a standard for presidents to not run for a third term.

- he wouldn't run because he didn't want to die as president making it seem like a lifelong job

Barack Obama and Ronald Reagan, rivals, but have the same view on the 22nd Amendment

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