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Residential Schools Timeline
8
Residential Schools
By-Emma
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted
Timeline
1857-Now
1990-
Phil Fontaine speaks out for recognition of the abuse and maltreatment he endured at Fort Alexander residential School. Later in 1991, the federal government starts to investigate.
1876-The Indian Act Comes To Power
1920- Attendance at residential schools is made mandatory by, Duncan Campbell Scott, for every First Nations child between the ages of 7 and 16.
The laws passed effected the First Nations property, culture, and way of life.
2015
"The Truth and Reconciliation Commission releases the summary of its final report on the residential school system, characterizing Canada’s treatment of Indigenous peoples as “cultural genocide.”"
-The Indian Act was made with the intentions to help the Indigenous people, but as time went on, it got to be the way for the Canadian Government to control the First nations
-The Indian Act was imposed on the Natives and they had no say whatsoever
Timeline
2007-
After years of advocacy from survivors, the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement Comes into effect.The agreement organizes funds for Truth and Reconciliation Commissions of Canada.
1960s-1980s: The sixties Scoop
"The “Sixties Scoop” begins after amendments to the Indian Act give provinces jurisdiction over child welfare on reserves. Over the following decades, more than 20,000 First Nation, Métis and Inuit children are “scooped” from their homes and adopted into predominantly non-Indigenous families," Leaving Indigenous people with a loss of cultural identity.
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/residential-schools
1857
1883
Prime minister John A. Macdonald authorizes creation of the Indian Residential School system, which allowed Indigenous children to be removed from their home/families, and to restrain them from their culture
1996-
Last Federally run Residential School Closes
1867
The Canadian government takes authority over First Nations & their land
1922
The Story of a National Crime, is published by Dr. Peter Henderson Bryce, exposing the Canadian government’s information on the neglect pf health for Indigenous peoples
2008-Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada is Established.
A year later in 2009-a formal apology to former Residential Schools students is delivered by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, on behalf of the Government of Canada.
2010-First National Truth and Reconciliation Event
1879: Davin Report
- Nicholas Flood Davin composed the (Davin) report, in which advised the federal government to institute residential schools for Indigenous children.
2016-Ontario premier Wynne states a formal apology on behalf of the provincial government for the abuses committed against the Indigenous peoples in the residential school system.
2017-The federal governments Settlement for Sixties Scoop Survivors of $800 is announced
1857
Gradual Assimilation Act passed to assimilate First Nations
2021:Discovery of unmarked graves
"June 23-Hundreds of Unmarked Graves Found at Saskatchewan Residential School 160+
June 28- BC Commits $12 Million to Help First Nations Search More Residential School Sites
July 12-Unmarked Children’s Graves Found at Another BC Residential School"
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/residential-schools
2021-2022
2022-
March 2-(CNN) "Officials uncovered 169 potential unmarked graves on the grounds of a former Catholic residential school in Canada, an Indigenous tribe in Alberta said Tuesday."
https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/02/americas/canada-indigenous-residential-school-potential-graves-st-bernard-mission/index.html
There are efforts being made in support of the Indigenous people, whoever it was cultural genocide and many people are still trying to overcome the trauma.
Impact
For more than 150 years, Indigenous children's across Canada were taken out of their homes and put into Residential Schools. Although there is no longer any Residential Schools open, the trauma remains ongoing for Survivors, communities, and their relatives. The maltreatment and abuse in the schools have a lasting impact on the Indigenous population, and contribute to a general loss of language, culture, depression, Alcohol, drugs and addiction, stress, suicidal behaviors, etc.
Now
Now
As more people become aware and attentive of the lasting effect of residential schools, now is the time to be apart of the movement and face these issues. One of the first steps of healing is for full acknowledgment of the trauma and effect these schools had from the government and the churches. The Canadian government and the Pope have issued apologies. An apology will never make up for the endured trauma and abuse indigenous people faced, however it's a start. A movement worth noting is Land Back Movement.
This movement pushes the government to return the land initially belonging to Indigenous people. The transfer of land has happened in some places. Despite the ongoing trauma and the lasting effect of residential schools, Indigenous people have used their strength to prevent the complete erasure of their culture. Though they are still dealing with the negative impacts, there is hope for a better future.