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II World War (America vs Japan)
1
Pacific War
(1941-1945)
By: Miguel Sanz Povedano 4ºC
War causes
War causes
Japan suffered a proccess of modernization from Meiji era
Agrarian economy which wanted to be an industrial power like European's in less than 70 years
First Sino-Japanese war (1894), they wanted to obtain the Korean peninsula from China
result: Japanese empire won against china signing a peace treaty in order to obtain Taiwan
Historical context
Historical context
Japan and Russia wanted to extend their territories to the North-East part of China . Russians wanted to spread its political system in Manchuria and Korea . Japan tried to pay war reparations without success , so in 1904 Japanese navy attacked and destroyed the Russian navy in Port Arhur
Russian-Japanese war ended in 1905 giving Liao-dong to Japan
Political power was controlled mainly by the army where some coups were caused by young soldiers and navy against minister .
1931: Japan invades Manchuria which name was changed into Manchukuo with Jehol this action took Japan away from League of Nations .
Beligerent Countries
Allies :
China (Chiang Kai-shek)
United States (Franklin D.Roosevelt)
British (Winston Churchill)
Axis:
Japan ( Hirohito)
Second Sino-Japanese war
2nd Sino-Japanese war
Japanese army in Manchuria fought against Chinese republic near Marco Polo bridge
Chiang Kai-shek ordered his army to fight Japan in the north and in August 14th China bombed Japanese navy in Shangai
3 more territories obtained in Japan : Pekin, Nankin and part of Mongolia .
Blockage of Panama canal to Japan by America and United Kingdom producing a lack of petrol and steel in Japan
Pearl-Harbor attack
Pearl-Harbor attack (1941)
In the morning of the attack, the radar station of "Opana Point" of USA detected the Japanese forces but it was confused by the landing of American planes. the Japanese formation was made of 441 planes , 29 were lost and 74 were damaged by anti-aerial fire from the land. The next day , the Congress of United States declared war to Japan
Japanesse territorial expansion
Japanese territorial expansion
Allie's summoning : The February 15th Japan occupied the navy base of Singapore
Sea of Coral and Midway : Japan couldn't conquer Australia , protected by The Allies.
They lost 4 plane carriers, 260 planes and 3052 men
Nueva Ginea and Salomon islands : Japan lost these territories against Unites States making Japan beeing in the centre of Salomon island
The battle of Leyte Gulf : Japan lost The Phillipines against USA even though they tryed to do kamikaze techniques
The entry to Japan
The entry to Japan
In the island of Iwo Jima, the Japanese possesed radars that could detect enemy air forces. They weren't able to stop the Allie's movements and made a suicidal attack called Ten-Gō operation. Yamato and other 5 Japanesse ships were destroyed
Russian invasion to Manchuria
For this reason, Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson commissioned his department to write a report. In this report, it was detailed that the invasion of Japan would have an expected cost of 1.7 million casualties, including between 400,000 and 800,000 dead. In addition, the conquest of Japan would cost between five and eleven million casualties among Japanese civilians and military. In addition, the United States was to provide more than a million tons of miscellaneous materials through the Lend-Lease Act, specifically intended for the war against Japan.
In addition to tanks, trucks, planes, fuel and railway material, the Soviets also requested 180 ships, both transport and smaller warships that had to be delivered to the port of Vladivostok as soon as possible.
The atomic bombing end of war
On August 14, 1945, believing that there would be a rain of nuclear bombs on the entire civilian population, the Japanese accepted an unconditional surrender. There are two positions on the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings.
Some argue that Japan had been trying to surrender for two months, but Harry Truman refused, insisting that he would only accept an absolutely unconditional surrender, but in any case the world press witnessed the moment when Truman called for surrender, after that Three days passed after the detonation of the first bomb without receiving a Japanese surrender, after which the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.
Japan surrenders
Japan surrenders
Japan surrendered, after the atomic bombings and the very rapid Soviet advance in the Battle of Manchuria, through Hirohito's speech on August 14, 1945, publicly accepting the unconditional surrender that the United States longed for, although it was really conditioned by the maintenance of the emperor on the throne (remained until his death in 1989). On September 2, aboard the USS Missouri, Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu signed Japan's Act of Surrender to General Douglas MacArthur.
Consequences
At the end of the war, Japan was occupied by the Allies. Years later, this bipolarized world gave rise to the Cold War. The entry of the United States into World War II slowed the Japanese advance in China. The end of the war marked the definitive departure of Japan from Chinese territory.
Manchuria, Taiwan, and the areas occupied during the Sino-Japanese War were returned to nominal Chinese sovereignty, and Chiang Kai-shek reestablished the Nanjing government. However, the Communist forces in Yan'an, greatly strengthened by the years of war and the Soviet intervention in Manchuria, were increasing their control over many areas of rural China. The departure of the Japanese thus gave way to an open civil war between Chiang Kai-shek's KMT and Mao Zedong's communists.