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6
Migration and political matters
(Focusing on Afghanistan )
Nafesa Roshan
13/01/2021
Introduction
Afghanistan Map
Population 38,384.037
Some facts about
Afghanistan
Statistical Facts
1- Literacy rate: 2016/17 = 34.8 per cent and at the end of 2019 reach to 43 per cent
https://uil.unesco.org/interview-literacy-rate-afghanistan-increased-43-cent
2- Corruption Perceptions Index: 2019 Rank 173/180
https://www.transparency.org/en/countries/afghanistan#
3- Afghanistan GDP 19.291 billion USD
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/afghanistan/overview
4- The second largest refugee population in the world :
2.5 million registered refugees from Afghanistan
https://www.unhcr.org/afghanistan.html#:~:text=There%20are%20almost%202.5%20million,refugee%20population%20in%20the%20world.
Facts you don't know
- Afghanistan has been in news more than any country in the last decade
- Worlds biggest Buddha
- Holding hands
- 90% mobile coverage
- Afghanis is currency not the
peoples
According to IOM weekly report (19-Dec-20):
838,192 total returns from Iran & Pakistan since 01 January 2020
831,696 total returns from Iran
6,496 total returns from Pakistan
Note: HKIA, Turkey and EU
Migrants in Iran
Refugees in
IRAN
Iran hosts one of the largest refugee populations in the world, the vast majority from Afghanistan. Around 1 million registered Afghan refugees and between 1.5 and 2 million undocumented Afghans live in Iran
Deportation is a tools to put Afghanistan government under pressure in :
Refugees or Leverage?
- Water dispute (Helmand River)
- A reminder to Afghan government
Showing their power in maintaining it western areas and boarders (Milak and Do Gharun)
- Influence Afghanistan relationship with other countries
Refugees life in Iran is like:
Refugees hardships
- Never be allowed to own a property under their name (SIM card)
- Dose not matter for how long you have been there you are always a refugees (Travel,
- No insurance
- Rigid Labor low for foreigners specially Afghans
- Education issue
Who should be engage with addressing Political Migration issues in Afghanistan ?
Solutions
1- People
2- Government
3- International Organization (Specially United Nation)
What the people of Afghanistan Can do?
People
1- Education and learning TVET skills
(Read a book and change your mind, read 100 books and change the word)
2- Return and investment
3- Giving social and psychosocial support to returnees
4- Count on technology (Agriculture)
5- Finding dignified path to be migrate or refuge
Government role !
Government
- Provide security in all provinces
- Developing Afghanistan international labor low
- Giving awareness
- Facilitate national investment
- Supporting enterprise
- Facilitate smooth return , SDG 10.7
“to facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the
implementation of planned and well-managed policies
International Organization responsibilities!
International Organization
- Implement SDG 10.7 in corporation with government
- Raising Afghan refugees issues in annual Migration Meetings
Conclusion
Migration is becoming a new challenge throughout the world. To address this global crisis, all countries need to develop new solutions and ideas to that how should face this challenge, not to stand or walk through the usual low and activities.
Afghanistan
KHIA- IOM
Spin Boldag- Kandahar