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Transformational Generative Grammar
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Transformational Generative Grammar(T.G.G.): The Linguistic Foundation
Topic
Transformational Generative Grammar(T.G.G.):
The Linguistic Foundation
Presentation
Presented by:
Hamna Arshad
Iram Sarwar
Rukhsana Aziz
Tehseen Fatima
Chomsky's Concept
Transformational Generative Grammar
Generative Grammar
subject matter is Linguistic Comtenece
Why it is Generative OR Transformational
Generative because
1.it projects the creative aspect of language.
2.It not only deal with actual set of sentences but also with the possible set of sentences
Why Gramar is Transormational or Generative
Transformational because
1.it transforms the one sentence into another by keeping the meaning intact.
2.The Recursive
This process gives rise to Language Competence.
Ways
Way for requirement of a grammar that explains the nature of speaker's linguistic knowledge and appeales to that knowledge in order to make good their deficiencies.
Components of this Grammar
Syntactical Component
Phonological Component
Transformational Generative Grammar
Semantic Component
Components of Theory of Language
Phonological
Grammatical
Syntactic
Aspects of Syntactic Description of Sentences
Surface Structure
Further view
Deep Structure
Grammatical Transforamtion
Transformational Generative Grammar
What is Grammar
Further view
Chomskey's Concept
Phrase Structure Grammar
Phrase Structure Grammar
1. Phrase Structure Grammar more powerful than Finite State Grammar
2. PM as A Heirarchical Process
Phrase Structure Grammar
3. Chomskey's Limitations in Corpus Based Syntactic Structure
4. PM as A Derivation of A String
5. Transformation Rule
6. Inadequacy of PS Rules
PM as A Heirarchical Procss
It Informs about :
1. Ways for Distributive Analysis of Sentences
2. Category of Words
PM and Limitations of Corpus Bsed Syntactic STructure
Chomskey's Limitations in Corpus Based Syntactic STructure
Hollowness of Mechanical Device
1. Ways for Distributive Analysis of Sentences
2. Category of Words
PM As A Derivation of A String
1. Sentence --7 NP+VP
2. NP --7 Art+ VP
3. VP --7 V+NP
4. ART --7 'the'
5. N --7 'boy', 'girl'
6. v --7 'hit'
PM as a Derivation of a String
Sentence~
NP+VP --7 (1)
ART+N+VP --7 (2)
ART+N+V+NP --7 (3)
The+N + V +NP --7 (4)
The boy + V + NP . --7 (5)[
The boy + V +ART + N --7 (2)[
The +boy + V +ART + N --7 (2)
The boy hit the girl --7 (6)
PM As A Derivation of A String
1. Lyon's View
2. Chomskey's Vew
A student is admired by his teacher
Inadequacy of PS
A student is admired by his honesty.
Transformation Rule
NP1 - V - NP2 NP2 -beten - V - by -NP1
The Inadequacy of PS Rules
1.PS Grammar Complexity
Inadequacy of PS Rules
2.Fails to Exhibit the Intuitive Interelationship Among Sentences
3. Fails to Explain our Intuitive Understanding of many Aspects of the Language
1.PS Grammar Complexity
1.PS Grammar Complexity
1.He is slept by John
2.The student is admired by his honest
3.Ram is eating by lunch
2.Fails to Exhibit the Intuitive Interelationship Among Sentences
2.Fails to Exhibit the Intuitive Interelationship Among Sentences
(i) The boy hit the girl.
(ii) Did the boy hit the girl.
(iii) The girl was hit by the boy.
(iv) Hit the girl, boy !
3. Fails to Explain our Intuitive Understanding of many Aspects of the Language
John is eager to please
3. Fails to Explain our Intuitive Understanding of many Aspects of the Language
S
to please
eager
John
is
T-Rules
1. T. Rules Help To Form Complex Sentences
Transforamtion Rules
A terminal string given by the P.S Rules John+ open+ the+ door can be designated as a sentence only by obeying at least some T-Rules
John does not open the door
OR John doesn't open the door
2. Movement Rule
Types of T-Rules
1.Transformation by Changing the Place of Element
The man slept.
2.Transformation in Terms of Deletion
I desire that I have scored 80% marks.
I desire to have scored 80% marks.
Types Of T-Rules
3.Transformation in Terms of Addition
be+ in
4.Transformation in Terms of Substitution
I like football, so does my child.
P.S Rules
T.Rules
Not allowed to transmute the order of symbols
It allows to transmute the order of symbols
P.S Rules Difference with T.Rules
It has Variable Elements
It has Constant Elements
These rules cannot make use of information concerning the history of string derivation
In T.Rules everything is specified
The two terms were introduced by Noam Chomsky as a Part of Transforamtional Grammar
Deep Structure
1. Deep Structure
2. Surface Structure
I bought colourful clothes
1. How many clothes?
Example
2. Which Type?
3. Which Colour?
I bought colorful clothes
AND
Colorful clothes were bought by me.
Example
Conclusion
Conclusion
Thankyou!