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Presented by Maritza V. Morris for Laredo College
Defining Freedom
How to reinstate southern states into the Union
What is Freedom?
Confusion and Reactions:
Black Codes (4 main points)
Consequences (2 main points)
Sharecropping (Grimes Family Document)
1863- 10% Reconstruction Plan w/ restoration of state gov't
1864- Wade-Davis Bill (50% Reconstruction Plan) Much stronger safeguards
Lincoln- Pocket-vetoes bill
Moderate Republicans
Radical Republicans
Mostly agreed with Lincoln and wanted an EASY system to restore the Union
Battle for Control of Reconstruction
14th Amendment (1866/ r. 1868)
Reconstruction Act (March 2, 1867)
5 military disctricts, policed by soldiers
Race riots
15th Amendment (1869/ r. 1870)
Use of violence, suppression, buying black votes
*to regain control of legislature & governor's office
*successful, adopted in SC & other states
*violence goes unchecked, Grant refuses to act
1876 Presidential Election
(Rutherford B. Hayes & Samuel J. Tilden)
"Lost Cause" and "Redemption Complete
"Gospel of the New South" : Henry Grady
Southern Industrial Development
textile mills, cigarette factories, timber, coal mining
New forms of agricultural labor
Tenant farming, sharecropping
(Crop liens, debt peonage, contract provisions)
Homer A. Plessy
Economic: Sharecropping, low wages
Violence as a means of subjugation
Lynching & the KKK
Legal & customary subjugation: Jim Crow
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) "Seperate but Equal"
Disenfranchisement: Poll taxes, literacy tests
Booker T. Washington
W.E. B. Dubois