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Taking You to Court

The Judicial Branch

Unit 2 - Systems

get it? ...cuz like courts and basketball and stuff...

Jump-Ball

Objective:

  • Describe the structure, power, and organization of the judicial branch on the federal, state, and local levels.

Essential Question:

  • How do court systems maintain order, uphold individual rights, and provide a system for resolving conflict?

Court Systems

REMEMBER FEDERALISM!

State AND Federal Courts

Purposes of the Courts

  • To interpret and define law
  • This involves hearing individual cases and deciding how the law should apply
  • Article III of the Constitution
  • "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish."

Different Forms of Jurisdiction

Jurisdiction - the authority of a court to make decisions and judgments on a case

  • Original Jurisdiction - The authority of a trial court to be first to hear a case
  • Appellate Jurisdiction - Authority held by a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court
  • Concurrent Jurisdiction - Authority shared by both federal and state courts

Federal v. State

  • Cases about a national or federal law
  • Cases about the U.S. Constitution
  • Cases that involve citizens from two different states
  • Cases about a state law or rule
  • Cases about the state constitution
  • Disagreements between citizens of the state
  • Cases about family issues

Federal Courts

U.S. District Court

  • District Court is the trial court (first court) in the federal system
  • first trial for the vast majority of federal cases
  • Hears both criminal and civil cases
  • bank robbery, environmental violations, tax evasion
  • 94 Districts divided geographically

U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals

  • A court of appeals hears appeals from the district courts located within its circuit
  • remember the term appellate jurisdiction
  • you can't get to this court without appealing the ruling on a previous case
  • The 94 U.S. judicial districts are organized into 12 regional circuits

U.S. Supreme Court

aka - "SCOTUS"

laws and actions constitutional or unconstitutional

  • Highest court of the United States
  • 9 Supreme Court Justices
  • Have the Power of Judicial Review
  • Serve for LIFE
  • They can change the course of history

How Do You Get to the Supreme Court?

  • What is the acceptance rate for getting into the Supreme Court?
  • What do you have to write to get into the Supreme Court?
  • What is the Rule of Four?
  • Why do Supreme Court Justices Rule for life?

State Courts

Maryland District Court

  • first court location for minor offenses
  • traffic violations, disturbing the peace, landlord cases, etc.
  • 34 courts throughout Maryland, in 12 Judicial districts

Maryland Circuit Court

  • next level of trial courts in the state system
  • handle criminal cases and more serious civil cases
  • there is a jury that handles the cases

Maryland Court of Appeals

  • first appellate court for Maryland
  • 7 appellate circuits

Maryland Supreme Court

  • highest court in Maryland
  • like the Supreme Court but for the state
  • hear appeals from the Court of Special Appeals

REVIEW!

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