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Imperialism Project

Caleb Chang

Part 1:

1849-1896

Annexed Territories

Territories the U.S. Annexed

  • 1853: Gadsden Purchase

  • 1857: Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island

  • 1858: Johnston Atoll

  • 1867: Alaska

  • 1867: Midway Islands

Administrator. “US Territorial Acquisitions.” US Territorial Acquisitions. Accessed May 31, 2023. https://archive.globalpolicy.org/us-westward-expansion/25994.html.

Gadsden Purchase

Baker Island

Jarvis Island

Howland Island

Johnston Atoll

Alaska

Zoomed Out

Zoomed In

Midway Islands

Caribbean and Pacific Islands

What was the economic incentive for the United States to annex islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific?

  • Shipping Routes

  • Global Power

Caribbean Islands

Raw Materials

  • Sugar
  • Used as a sweetener, preservative, and ingredient in various food and beverage products.

  • Tobacco
  • Used for smoking, chewing, and as a trade commodity.
  • Coffee
  • Exported for consumption as a popular beverage in Europe and America.

Caribbean Islands

Workers

  • Laborers:

Many individuals from the United States, including African Americans and individuals from the West Indies, migrated to the Caribbean as laborers.

  • Merchant Mariners:

American merchant mariners, including sailors and ship crews, traveled to the Caribbean for trade and commercial activities.

Working Conditions

  • Long Working Hours
  • Limited Health Care Access
  • Harsh Physical Labor
  • Low Wages

U.S. Justification

How did the United States constitutionally justify annexing overseas territories?

The 1901 Supreme Court case, DeLima v. Bidwell

  • The doctrine of "territorial incorporation."

“Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901).” Findlaw. Accessed May 31, 2023. https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-supreme-court/182/244.html.

Part 2:

1896-1899

Yellow Journalism

Yellow Journalism

  • Yellow Journalism: “the use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation.”

Examples

Examples

Examples

Newspaper Headline

Quote that Inflamed Tension

"Remember the Maine! To hell with Spain!"

Frankie Witzenburg, Lieutenant Commander Thomas J. Cutler, Walter Scott Meriwether, and Robert E. Cray. “‘Remember the Maine, to Hell with Spain!’” U.S. Naval Institute, December 10, 2020. https://www.usni.org/remember-maine-hell-spain.

Philippines

What was the economic incentive for the United States to annex islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific?

  • Shipping Routes

  • Global Power

Caribbean Islands

Raw Materials

  • Sugar
  • Used as a sweetener, preservative, and ingredient in various food and beverage products.

  • Tobacco
  • Used for smoking, chewing, and as a trade commodity.
  • Coffee
  • Exported for consumption as a popular beverage in Europe and America.

Caribbean Islands

Workers

  • Laborers:

Many individuals from the United States, including African Americans and individuals from the West Indies, migrated to the Caribbean as laborers.

  • Merchant Mariners:

American merchant mariners, including sailors and ship crews, traveled to the Caribbean for trade and commercial activities.

Working Conditions

  • Long Working Hours
  • Limited Health Care Access
  • Harsh Physical Labor
  • Low Wages

U.S. Justification

How did the United States constitutionally justify annexing overseas territories?

The 1901 Supreme Court case, DeLima v. Bidwell

  • The doctrine of "territorial incorporation."

1896-1899

  • Yellow Journalism
  • U.S. Control over the Philippines
  • Annexation in America

Part 2:

1896-1899

Pictures

1867

Alaska

Pictures

Pictures

1857

Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island

Pictures

Part 3: 1899-1934

Consequences of Insular Cases

Territories the U.S. Annexed

  • 1853: Gadsden Purchase

  • 1857: Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island

  • 1858: Johnston Atoll

  • 1867: Alaska

  • 1867: Midway Islands

Administrator. “US Territorial Acquisitions.” US Territorial Acquisitions. Accessed May 31, 2023. https://archive.globalpolicy.org/us-westward-expansion/25994.html.

Gadsden Purchase

Baker Island

Jarvis Island

Howland Island

Johnston Atoll

Alaska

Zoomed In

Zoomed Out

Midway Islands

Territories that Gained Independence

What was the economic incentive for the United States to annex islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific?

  • Shipping Routes

  • Global Power

Caribbean Islands

Raw Materials

  • Sugar
  • Used as a sweetener, preservative, and ingredient in various food and beverage products.

  • Tobacco
  • Used for smoking, chewing, and as a trade commodity.
  • Coffee
  • Exported for consumption as a popular beverage in Europe and America.

Caribbean Islands

Workers

  • Laborers:

Many individuals from the United States, including African Americans and individuals from the West Indies, migrated to the Caribbean as laborers.

  • Merchant Mariners:

American merchant mariners, including sailors and ship crews, traveled to the Caribbean for trade and commercial activities.

Working Conditions

  • Long Working Hours
  • Limited Health Care Access
  • Harsh Physical Labor
  • Low Wages

Haiti and Nicaragua

How did the United States constitutionally justify annexing overseas territories?

The 1901 Supreme Court case, DeLima v. Bidwell

  • The doctrine of "territorial incorporation."

“Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901).” Findlaw. Accessed May 31, 2023. https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-supreme-court/182/244.html.

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