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Transcript

Steve Neale 's theory

Presented by Prima Dolorfino

Overview

Repetion and difference theory

Overview

Steve Neale states that genres all contain instances of repetition and difference, difference is essential to the to the economy of the genre; mere repetition would not attract an audience. Texts often exhibit the conventions of more than one genre.

Biography

Stephen Roy Albert Neale (born 9 January 1958) is a British Analytic philosopher and specialist in the philosophy of language who has written extensively about meaning, information, interpretation, and communication, and more generally about issues at the intersection of philosophy and linguistics.

Neale's writings are primarily in the philosophy of language, construed broadly enough to intersect with generative linguistics, the philosophy of mind, cognitive science, philosophical logic, and formal logic.

Biography

What he said

"Genres are instences of repetiotion and differences - difference is absolutely essential to the economy of genre"

This meant that a film and it's genre is defined by two things:

  • How much it conforms with a genre's stereotypes and conventions - he says that a film must conform to these conventions enought hat it can still qualify and be idenfitied as a film of that genre
  • How much a film subverts the genre;s stereotypes and conventions - he says that a film must subvert these conventions enough that it is still viewed as a unique, not just a clone

example of comforming

example of comforming

The reason why "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" is an example of conforming the horror genre convention was because the movie was set in an abandon area, this is very much standard of the genre as these places creates a mysterious and unfamiliar atmosphere to the audience.

Example of subverting

The Paranormal Activity trailer shows a subversion of the horror convention as it is set in must a regular house (differs from the Texas Chainsaw Massacre). This is very uncommon for its genre as it would normally chose

Example of subverting

somewhere with a scary atmosphere.

However, the movie turned out to be very

popular - having only 11,000 USD for a

budget, the boz office was at a stagerring

about of 193.4 million USD in 2007

The Theory

STeve Neale argues that pleasure is derived from "repetion and difference" - if there wern't any fifference, there wouldn't be any pleasure. We may derive pleasure from observing how the conventions of the genre are manipulated. We may also enjoy the streching of a genre in new directions and the consequent shifting of our expectations.

Much of the pleasure of popular cinema lies in t...

Much of the pleasure of popular cinema lies in the process of "difference in repetition" - for example, recognising familar elements and the ways those elements might be arraged in an unfamiliar fashion or in ways that unfamiliar elements might be introduced

He also argues that Hollywood's generic regime performs two inter-related functions;

i) to guaruntee meanings and pleasures for audiences

ii) to produce by providing cognitive security against innovation and difference

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