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ENGL E101F Week 6 Session 1
ENGL E101F Week 6
Session 1
Copyright by Gladys Luk 2018
Warm up exercise
Question 1
Why did young Ah Tung go to a movie with 18 friends?
Question 1
Answer
Because according to the advertisement, below 18 is not allowed to go in.
Question 2
Ah Tung's family doctor informed him that his brain seemed to have developed certain problems
Question 2
"... Your brain has two parts, one left and one right. ________
_______________.
What is the problem?
Answer
The left part has nothing right in it, and the right part has nothing left in it.
Answer
Question 3
Question 3
Teacher: George Washington not only chopped down his father's cherry tree, but also admitted doing it. Now do you know why his father didn't punish him?
Answer
Johnny: Because George had an axe in his hand.
Answer
Question 4
Question 4
Teacher: Desmond, your composition on "My Dog" is exactly the same as your brother's. Did you copy his?
Answer
Desmond: No, teacher. It's the same dog.
Answer
Unit 2
Polysemy
The Samaritans
Unit 2
Polysemy
Polysemy
What is it?
Polysemy
Words may have more than one meaning
One form (written or spoken) with multiple meanings which are all related by extension
Examples:
Foot: of a mountain
Foot: part of our body
Head: part of our body
Head: of the family
Fork: instrument for eating
Fork: in a road
Activity 5 Part III
Activity 5 Part III (P.23)
1. The latest casualty fell to his death from a dormitory building in a Shenzhen plant at around 11:20 pm Wednesday.
c. a factory or a place where power is generated
2. It was the 10th such death and 12th such fall at the plant in Shenzhen this year ...
a. a quick downward movement onto or towards the ground, by accident or because of a natural force
Activity 5 Part III (P.23)
3. Foxconn Technology Group chairman Terry Gou flew to Shenzhen and led a rare damage-control media tour to the factory complex in Shenzhen ...
a. not common or does not occur very often
4. He told about 300 Chinese and foreign journalists that nets had been put on buildings ...
a. connected with a country which is not your own
Activity 5 Part III (P.23)
5. Foxconn is part of Taiwan's Hon Hai Precision Industry Co. and makes computers, game consoles and mobile phones ...
b. the control unit of a mechanical, electrical, electronic system or computer
6. They work shifts and live inside the massive factory complex.
b. a person's scheduled period of work, esp. the portion of the day scheduled as a day's work ...
Activity 5 Part III (P.23)
7. They work shifts and live inside the massive factory complex.
b. a group of buildings designed for a particular purpose, or one large building divided into several smaller areas
The Samaritans
Samaritans
An organization providing suicide prevention services
Activity 8
Activity 8 (P. 25)
Listen to the interview between the host and John, a Samaritans volunteer. Then answer the questions that follow.
Activity 8
1. What made John become a Samaritans volunteer?
a. His mother used to bring him to Caritas when she volunteered there.
b. His present wife introduced him to the work of the Samaritans when he studied in England.
Activity 8
2. In which three roles has John been involved?
Activity 8
3. What kinds of problems do callers usually have? Name any THREE.
a. relationship problems
b. bereavement
c. job and studies related worries
d. financial difficulties
Activity 8
4. Which two aspects does the confidentiality policy include at the Samaritans?
a. The information received from the callers is confidential.
b. Volunteers never disclose their Samaritans identity to others, except to people closest to them.
Activity 8
5. What benefits has John gained from volunteering? Name any TWO.
a. It brings him with huge satisfaction.
b. He has become more accepting and more tolerant.
c. His interpersonal skills have improved.
Activity 8
6. How does the Samaritans help its volunteers to combat the negative influences they may receive from the calls?
a. The Samaritans has a system to help their volunteers ease their strain.
b. The Samaritans volunteers are taught how to adapt themselves.
Activity 8
7. Name the qualities that the Samaritans look for in a volunteer.
a. compassion and patience
b. acceptance and an open mind
c. a willingness to observe the organization's confidentiality policy
Academic writing
More about academic writing
What is academic writing
Academic writing
Key Characteristics:
- More objective
- More complex
- Has a more formal structure
- More referencing
Academic writing: more objective
Not subjective so more reliable
Why objective?
Compare and comment
I think there are 4 main areas where I can see big differences between standard writing and academic writing.
Generally speaking, there are four main areas where differences between standard writing and academic writing can be seen.
Academic writing: more objective
I think there are 4 main areas where I can see big differences between standard writing and academic writing.
Hedging: Generally speaking - increases the 'distance'
Generally speaking, there are four main areas where differences between standard writing and academic writing can be seen.
There are: provide a platform for objective statements
Passive voice: removes the need for a subject
Academic writing: more objective
Hedging:
Academics do not want to appear too definite when presenting their arguments
Avoid being criticised of exaggeration
Also make use of modality
Academic writing: more objective
Examples:
The results of the study may be the consequence of the sampling type adopted.
The results of the study may well be the consequence of the sampling type adopted.
The results of the study are probably the consequence of the sample type adopted.
Academic writing: more objective
The results reported here appear to confirm those reported in Brown (2006).
Students tend, on the whole, to submit satisfactory assignments.
Academic writing: more complex
In terms of formality and grammatical structures
Formality of language:
- big differences vs most significant distinction
*Word choice to convey a high level of formality
look into the issue vs examine the issue
talk about vs discuss
come up with some possible solutions vs
suggest some possible solutions
Academic writing: more complex
Grammatical structures:
- use of passive voice, noun phrases, nominalization, relative clauses, etc
Academic writing: more complex
Passive voice:
Maintain effective thematic development
Relevant information stays in focus
Maintain an objective tone
Academic writing: more complex
Example 1:
A student left an assignment in the assembly hall. The cleaner picked it up and handed it in later.
A student; The cleaner
An assignment; It (the assignment)
An assignment was left in the assembly hall. It was picked up and handed in later by the cleaner.
effective thematic development; relevant information in focus
Usual flow: given information followed by new information
Academic writing: more complex
effective thematic development; relevant information in focus
Example 2:
A doctor sends a patient's blood specimen to the laboratory. A technician analyses the specimen in the laboratory. He/she records the results of the analysis. A secretary then types up the results in a report, which he/she sends to the doctor.
Passive voice + relative clauses
A patient's blood specimen is sent to the laboratory, where it is analysed. The results of the analysis are recorded and typed up in a report, which is sent to the (patient's) doctor.
Academic writing: more complex
Nominalization:
Involves the use of noun forms to express processes
i.e. turning verbs into nouns
adding suffix to the verb e.g. distribute to distribution
changing from one part of speech to another without changing the form e.g. attack to attack
Academic writing: more complex
Nominalization:
If students develop particular study skills, they can enhance their performance.
The development of particular skills can enhance student performance.
Noun phrase: the development of particular skills
Academic writing: more complex
Nominalization:
People use chopsticks, knives and forks because they dislike of eating with fingers.
The use of chopsticks, knives and forks reveals a dislike of eating with fingers.
Removes the need for a subject; avoid using personal pronouns
Academic writing: more complex
Density of language:
Content words vs function words
Lexical density
Academic writing
Has a more formal structure
Uses more referencing
Academic grammar
Academic grammar
Short Writing Task 1
Short writing task 1
To create an academic Tone
Academic tone
Avoid informal features
Avoid informal features
Informal features include:
- contractions e.g. don't, won't, what's etc
- Idioms e.g. kick the bucket, one stone kills two birds
- Rhetorical questions e.g. What qualities do you look for in your partner?
- Question tag e.g. Confident men are more attractive, right?
Avoid informal features
Rhetorical questions
A forceful statement which has the form of a question but which does not expect an answer
Example:
What difference does it make?
=
It makes no difference.
Avoid informal features
Question tag:
A tag attached to a statement
Turn a statement into a question
To get confirmation; to seek agreement from others
Avoid informal features
Most of these informal features make the essay more conversational.
Idioms: culture related, artistic style
Academic features
Academic features
Refer to academic writing and grammar for details
Grammar
Grammar problems
Problems 1
Problems 1
Nouns
Nouns
Example:
Two people live together.
Two person live together.
Two persons live together.
Articles
Articles
Example:
The man with sense of humour
The man with a/the sense of humour
Part of speech
Part of speech
Example:
Love will be strong enough to against any hardships ...
Prepositions
Prepositions
Example:
Angry of him
Prepositions
Angry with him
Problems 2
Problems 2
Verbs
Verbs
Mistakes include:
Subject verb agreement
Verb forms
Tense
Verbs
Example:
does not always focuses
does not + infinitive without 'to'
does not always focus
Word choice
Word choice
This includes:
Whether a word fits in the context or not
Collocation
word choice
Example:
confederate
Do you think the word fits into the context of a love relationship?
Collocation:
Example:
Could eventually make a solution
Sentence structure
Sentence Structure
Example:
Conflicts will be easily sparked without knowing how to ease the strain properly.
without knowing how to ease the strain properly
Conflicts not knowing how to ease the strain properly?
Conflicts will be easily sparked if they do not know how to ease the strain properly,
Others
Others
not belonging to any of the categories
Example:
close relationship connections
redundant
Corrections
Corrections
7. fascinated
Corrections
7. fascinated
Corrections
7. fascinated
Corrections
11. braveness
Corrections
16. life
Corrections
19. attention
Corrections
25. counterparts