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Behaviorism
-Definition and Timeline
-Philosophical Basis
-In the Classroom
-In Action
-Conclusion
Definition
Free will
is an illusion
"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take anyone at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select--doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief, and yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors." -John B. Watson
Timeline
2.
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
B. F,
Skinner
1.
3.
Philosophical
Basis
Human Nature
- Human Nature, according to behaviorism, is neither good nor bad but merely the product of one's environment.
- Skinner recommends that moral standards be derived from scientific observation of human behavior.
Beauty
Human's sense of beauty
is enviromentally formed.
It can be different
Thanks to place
Or time
Behaviorism urges teachers to use a system of reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors, to connect learning with pleasure and reward.
In the
classroom
Behavior
Modification
- It begins by consistenly giving the student an extrinsic reward each time thry perform a desired beavior.
- Extrinsic rewards:
-Smile -Candy -Token -Etc
- The extrinsic rewards are gradually lessened as the student masters the target behavior and feels self-satisfaction.
- The key is moving the learner from extrinsic to intrinsic rewards.
Programmed
Learning
Programmed learning was developed by Skinner, which organizes learning into brief segments, elicit student responses, provide immediate feedback about the correctness of the student answers and allow learners to proceed at their own pace.
What
critics
say
- According to Skinner, behaviorism can enable students to learn material even if they do not fully und4erstand why it will have value in the future. Which is heavily critized by Existentialists and Progressivists.
- Some critics also decry the behaviorist disbelief in the autonomy of the individual
- Other also question whether any educator is qualified to exert the control over our youth that behaviorists demand.
In Action
Many teacher use social reinforcements such as smiles and nods, but the behaviorist programs that have received the most attention are those using more tangible reinforcements.
Little Rock, Arkansas
Gilman, Vermont
Conclusion
Behaviorism
Basis
Behaviorism
Metaphysics
The physical world is the basis for reality. Free will is an illusion.
Learning is a physiological response to stimuli.
Epistemology
Curriculum is determinated by the school staff.
Focus of
curriculum
Classroom Activity
Programmed learning.
Teacher's Role0
Experts in conditioning. Understands how to apply behavioral engineering
To act and think in a manner congruent with the school's objectives.
Student's Role
Educational Leader
B. F. Skinner